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AS chemistry unit 1 > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

molecular ion

A

two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge

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2
Q

displacement

A

when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a metal compound

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3
Q

Avogadro constant

A

number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12

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4
Q

mole

A

the amount of substance which contains the avogadro constant of atoms, molecules and ions

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5
Q

molar mass

A

the mass of one mole of a substance

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6
Q

anhydrous

A

a salt which contains no water of crystallisation

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7
Q

hydrated

A

a salt which contains water of crystallisation

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8
Q

water of crystallisation

A

water chemically bonded within the crystal structure

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9
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

relative atomic mass RAM

A

the average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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12
Q

relative isotopic mass RIM

A

the mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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13
Q

isotopes

A

atoms which have the same atomic number but a different mass number

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14
Q

relative molecular mass RMM

A

the average mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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15
Q

relative formula mass RFM

A

the average mass of a formula unit relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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16
Q

first ionisation energy

A

energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge

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17
Q

second ionisation energy

A

energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge into gaseous ions with a double positive charge

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18
Q

third ionisation energy

A

energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into gaseous ions with a triple positive charge

19
Q

ground state

A

an electronic configuration in which all electrons are in their lowest available energy levels

20
Q

ion

A

charged particles formed when an atom loses or gains electrons

21
Q

subshell

A

contains orbitals and an orbital can hold 2 electrons

22
Q

orbital

A

a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin

23
Q

successive ionisation energies

A

a measure of energy required to remove each electron in turn

24
Q

intermolecular

A

between neighbouring molecules

25
Q

van der waals forces

A

the attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules

26
Q

permanent dipole-dipole attraction

A

attraction between the positive end of the permanent dipole of the permanent dipole with the negative end of the permanent dipole of a neighbouring molecule

27
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in a neighbouring molecule, in which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom

28
Q

miscible

A

liquids which mis in all proportions

29
Q

covalent bond

A

the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

30
Q

coordinate (dative) bond

A

a shared pair of electrons between two atoms. one atom provides both electrons

31
Q

octet rule

A

when reacting, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons in order to achieve 8 in its outer shell

32
Q

electronegativity

A

the extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

33
Q

polar bond

A

a covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons

34
Q

delocalised electrons

A

outer electrons do not have fixed positions but move freely

35
Q

allotropes

A

different forms of the same element in the same state

36
Q

redox

A

reduction and oxidation occur in the same reaction

37
Q

element

A

simplest type of pure substance

38
Q

compound

A

2 or more elements chemically combined

39
Q

atom

A

smallest amount of an element that can exist

40
Q

element

A

pure substance that contains only one type of atom

41
Q

molecules

A

2 or more atoms bonded together to form a single uncharged particle

42
Q

allotropes

A

different forms of an element in the same state

43
Q

monatomic elements

A

particles in the substance contain a single atom

AS chemistry unit 1 (10 decks)

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