definitions

Question 1

eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

more complex, membrane bound nucleus, organelles carry out biochemical processes, unicellular or multicellular, animal or plant cell

Question 2

prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

lack a nucleus, single DNA structure, unicellular, bacteria or archaea

Question 3

SA:V ratio

Answer 3

smaller cells have a quicker rate of diffusion as molecules travel less distance, increasing metabolic efficiency

Question 4

major groups of molecules

Answer 4

protein, lipid, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 5

protein

Answer 5

growth and repair, enzymes

Question 6

lipids

Answer 6

store energy

Question 7

carbohydrate

Answer 7

energy source

Question 8

nucleic acid

Answer 8

genetic code which controls cell function

Question 9

aerobic respiration

Answer 9

requires oxygen, common
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + energy

Question 10

anaerobic respiration

Answer 10

occurs when there’s a lack of oxygen
glucose –> lactic acid + energy

Question 11

photosynthesis

Answer 11

1. light stage - dependent on light
2. carbon fixation stage - uses CO2
   CO2 + water –> glucose + oxygen
   ( require light energy and chlorophyll)

Question 12

diffusion

Answer 12

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 13

concentration gradient

Answer 13

difference in concentration between 2 areas, bigger = faster diffusion

Question 14

facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

when carrier protein and protein channel assist large molecules move across a membrane

Question 15

osmosis

Answer 15

movement of water molecules from high to low water concentration (from low to high solute concentration)

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

gains water - higher solute concentration

Question 17

hypertonic

Answer 17

loses water - low solute concentration

Question 18

isotonic

Answer 18

no movement - same solute concentration

Question 19

exocytosis

Answer 19

materials release from the cell via vesicles

Question 20

endocytosis

Answer 20

materials absorbed into the cell within vesicles

Question 21

pinocytosis

Answer 21

takes in fluids and dissolved solutes, vesicles form

Question 22

phagocytosis

Answer 22

large substances taken into the cell as it encloses it in a vesicle

Question 23

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 23

particle binds onto a receptor site and enters the cell

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

proteins, biological catalysts that speed up the reaction rates by lowering activation energy

Question 25

co-enzymes

Answer 25

non-protein molecules that assist an enzyme in catalyzing a reaction

Question 26

competitive inhibitor

Answer 26

binds to an enzyme’s active site, can be reduced by increasing substrate concentration

Question 27

non competitive inhibitor

Answer 27

bind to another site which changes the active site, cannot be affected by increasing substrate concentration