Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wildlife Diseases > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder of structure or function / lack of “ease” is…

A

Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Injury, nutrient deficiency, toxin exposure, hormone disruption (PTSD) can all be considered disease T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disease can be (non)infectious / (non)transmissible T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Pathology

A

study of the cause, development, structural / functional changes, and natural history associated with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infectious (& communicable) disease is what type of transmission? direct or indirect

A

Direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name a type of horizontal transmission; direct or indirect?

A

Between people; direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a type of vertical transmission; direct or indirect?

A

mother to offspring ; direct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

food, water, and surfaces are ____-borne (fomit)

A

vehicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mechanical is a type of vector-borne (carrier), define it

A

transporting agent on their feet or mouth part (arthropods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

biological is a type of vector-borne (carrier), define it

A

agent can replicate / amplify in the vector before transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vehicle , vector (mechanical and biological) are what type of transmission?

A

Indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

infections agents are what in a broad sense?

A

parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

small intracellular obligate genus are examples of what bacterias

A

chlamydia and rickettsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name all types of infectious agents (hint: 5 major groups)

A

bacterial, viral, fungal, prions, parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

small fragile genus without a cell wall is an example of what bacteria

A

mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an unaffected individual simply moving the agent to where it
could more easily infect a susceptible host. Agent stays alive, but does not amplify, replicate, or develop. Is what type of host?

A

Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name all 6 non-infectious “agents”

A

nutritional, genetic, toxic, trauma, neoplastic, behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A species, population, or taxa that in which an infectious agent
normally lives and reproduces, and from which susceptible hosts are infected. Is what type of host?

A

Reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A species or individual that is not able to prevent clinical
disease from developing after exposure to a given agent is what type of host?

A

Susceptible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A species or individual that harbors the agent without disease or without clinically apparent disease. Serves as a source of infection and the
agent can generally amplify, reproduce, or develop. Includes susceptible hosts prior to developing disease

A

Carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Host in which the adult stage is reached and usually the host
in/on which reproduction occurs is what kind of host? (regarding true parasites)

A

definitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hosts needed for life cycle development of larval, nymphal,
or asexual stages is what kind of host? (regarding true parasites)

A

intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

has coevolved with the parasite, does not generally develop
clinical disease. Represents the native host-pathogen arrangement in which the
life cycle (stage) can be completed. Is what kind of host? (regarding true parasites)

A

natural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

an intermediate host that is not needed for reproduction/
development. It usually ingests the parasite of interest until it is itself ingested. Is what kind of host? (regarding true parasites)

A

paratenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A host in which the lifecycle (stage) cannot be completed.
Generally associated with less host-pathogen coevolution and is more likely to cause disease. Is what kind of host? (regarding true parasites)

A

aberrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the ability of the host to hinder or arrest the growth and/or development of the pathogen is what?

A

host resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what two aspects is host resistance derived from?

A

structural and functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

host resistance: tolerance (not immunological tolerance) has 3 aspects name them

A
  1. allow the agent to persist to maintain host fitness (survival and reproduction) -not worth the energy to kill it
  2. avoid the immune system’s friendly fire
  3. strikes a balance between pathogen exposure and total energy balance
26
Q

define endemic/enzootic

A

the constant presence of an agent/disease in a given population at an expected rate

27
Q

define epidemic/epizootic

A

transmission and disease occurrence above the rate expected for a given population at a given time (flare up)

28
Q

define pandemic

A

The worldwide presence of a disease/agent above the expected rate at a given time

29
Q

define incidence

A

the rate at which new infections occur via transmission

30
Q

define prevalence

A

the rate or proportion of a population having been exposed to an agent or contracting a disease at a given point or period

31
Q

define morbidity

A

the rate at which exposed individuals develop clinical disease

32
Q

define mortality

A

the rate at which exposed individuals die due to the disease

33
Q

define acute

A

quite quickly (18-48 hours; but depends on disease)

34
Q

define chronic

A

prolonged (several days to several years ;depends on disease)

35
Q

define sub-acute

A

quickly (36-72 hours ; but depends on disease)

36
Q

define hyper/peracute

A

extremely quickly (4-24 hours ; but depends on disease)

37
Q

define signs

A

measurable physiological, morphometric, or behavioral changes due to disease
(NOT diagnostic…“if this, then that”!)

38
Q

define clinical

A

A description of a disease that has detectable, apparent changes (NOT diagnostic)

39
Q

define subclinical

A

Disease processes whose effects are not detectable or apparent

40
Q

define pre-clinical

A

Disease processes whose effects are not yet detectable or apparent, but will be as the disease progresses

41
Q

define incubation period

A

The period between exposure to an infectious dose of an agent
and the development of clinical signs

42
Q

Define: without confinement and persisting without the need for human/artificial supplementation

A

wild

43
Q

Define: animals that have been selectively bred and genetically adapted over generations to live
alongside or be utilized humans

A

domestic

44
Q

Define: a non-domesticated animal that is habituated to human presence/ interactions

A

tame

45
Q

Define: indigenous to a region or ecosystem because of natural evolution and natural history

A

native

46
Q

Define: existing outside its native range; not indigenous to a region or ecosystem; brought to exist in an area by human disturbance

A

exotic

47
Q

Define: animals that escape domestication and/or confinement and establish wild populations

A

feral

48
Q

Define: existing without confinement, not necessarily without the need for human
supplementation

A

free range

49
Q

Define: non-domestic species which are native to an area existing in confinement

A

captive wildlife

50
Q

Define: A facility in which wild and exotic animals exist in confinement

A

zoo

51
Q

Define: 8-10ft high fences are used to keep deer on the property and predators and other deer out

A

high fence

52
Q

Define: breeders seek out to raise and hunt biggest deer by artificially inseminating whitetail deer with mule-deer semen

A

deer breeders

53
Q

WL=

A

wild life

54
Q

LS=

A

livestock

55
Q

WTD=

A

white tailed deer

56
Q

MD=

A

mull deer

57
Q

BHS=

A

bighorn sheep

58
Q

DBS=

A

desert bighorn sheep

59
Q

PH=

A

phorn / pronghorn

60
Q

Dx=

A

diagnosis

61
Q

Hx=

A

history

62
Q

Tx=

A

treatment

63
Q

Rx=

A

prescription

64
Q

Px=

A

prognosis

65
Q

Sx=

A

symptoms

Wildlife Diseases (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions