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Mental Health > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Resilience

A

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed to support well-being.
Aids people to recognize stressors and negative emotions, deal with them, and learn from the experience.

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2
Q

Milieu Management

A

The use of a living, learning, or working environment, including people, setting, structure, and emotional climate, to treat psychiatric patients.

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3
Q

Race vs Culture

A

Race is a socially constructed category of “difference” without biological meaning.

Culture is the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group that shape members thinking and behaviour in patterned ways.

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4
Q

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)

A

Moderately to severely stressful experiences during the first 18 years of life.

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5
Q

Akathisia

A

Psychomotor restlessness as pacing or fidgeting.

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6
Q

Parkinsonism

A

Slowed movements, rigidity (stiffness), and tremors.

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7
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

A persistent extrapyramidal side effect that consists of involuntary tonic muscular contractions that typically involve the tongue, fingers, toes, neck, trunk, or pelvis.

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8
Q

Pressured Speech

A

Rapid speech, which is typical of patients with manic disorder.

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9
Q

Poverty of Speech

A

Minimal responses, such as answering just “yes or no.”

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10
Q

Blocking

A

Sudden cessation of speech, often in the middle of a statement.

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11
Q

Flight of Ideas

A

Accelerated thoughts that jump from idea to idea, typical of mania.

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12
Q

Loosening of Associations

A

Illogical shifting between unrelated topics.

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13
Q

Tangeniality

A

Thought that wanders from the original point.

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14
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Unnecessary digression, which eventually reaches the point.

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15
Q

Echolalia

A

Echoing of words and phrases.

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16
Q

Neologisms

A

Invention of new words by the patient.

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17
Q

Clanging

A

Speech based on sound, such as rhyming and punning rather than logical connections.

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18
Q

Preservation

A

Repetition of phrases or words in the flow of speech.

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19
Q

Ideas of Reference

A

Interpreting unrelated events as having direct reference to the patient, such as believing that the television is talking specifically to them.

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20
Q

Delusions

A

Fixed, false beliefs, firmly held in spite of contradictory evidence.

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21
Q

Persecutory Delusions

A

False belief that others are trying to cause harm, or are spying with intent to cause harm.

22
Q

Erotomanic Delusions

A

False belief that a person, usually of higher status, is in love with the patient.

23
Q

Grandiose Delusions

A

False belief of an inflated sense of self-worth, power, knowledge, or wealth.

24
Q

Somatic Delusions

A

False belief that the patient has a physical disorder or defect.

25
Q

Illusions

A

Misinterpretations of reality.

26
Q

Derealization

A

Feelings of unrealness involving the outer environment.

27
Q

Depersonalization

A

Feelings of unrealness, such as if one is “outside” of the body and observing their own activities.

28
Q

Suicidal and Homicidal Ideation

A

Suicidal and homicidal ideation requires further elaboration with comments about intent and planning.
- Presence of a Plan
- Means to carry out the plan
- Opportunity to carry out the plan

29
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory perceptions, which may be auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory or olfactory.

30
Q

Clouding of Consciousness

A

Reduced state of wakefulness with disturbance in perception and awareness.

31
Q

Delirious

A

Bewildered, restless, confused (related to fear or hallucinations).

32
Q

Stupor

A

Unresponsive to environment, but briefly rousable.

33
Q

Insight

A

Ability of the patient to display an understanding of his current problems, and the ability to understand the implication of these problems.

34
Q

Judgement

A

Ability to make sound decisions regarding everyday activities. Judgement is best evaluated by assessing a patient’s history of decision making, rather than by asking hypothetical questions.

35
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Assuming one’s own beliefs, values, and practices are the best, preferred, or only way.

36
Q

Transference

A

Patient unconsciously displaces onto individual in current life emotions and behaviours from childhood that originated in relationships with significant others.

37
Q

Countertransference

A

Nurse displaces feelings related to people in nurse’s past onto patient.

38
Q

Serotonin

A

Major function is in mood, sleep, arousal, pain, & appetite (especially carbs, chocolate); provides mainly an inhibitory response.

39
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Major function is in alertness, consciousness; causes changes in mood, attention and arousal, fight or flight; mostly excitatory neurotransmitter.

40
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter; produces calmness and relaxation; may play a role in pain perception; anti-convulsant and muscle-relaxing
properties, may impair cognition and psychomotor functioning.

41
Q

Dopamine

A

Major function is in movement, learning, integration of emotions and thoughts, decision-making, comfort, alertness, attention, & satisfaction, and provides mainly an excitatory
response.

42
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory transmitter, plays a role in learning and memory.

43
Q

Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)

A
  • Parkinsonism - cogwheel rigidity, fine tremor, akinesia - loss of movement.
  • Akathisia - motor restlessness, apprehension and irritability
  • Dystonia - acute reaction, needs medical attention, exaggerated posturing of head, neck, or jaw/sudden muscle spasms in neck, back, or eyes that may be painful or frightening.
44
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Confusion, rigidity, fever, autonomic instability, increased WBC, delirium, catatonia.

45
Q

Adventitious crisis

A

A state of imbalance that results from events not part of everyday life, such as a natural disaster, a national disaster, or the results of crime.

46
Q

Maturational crisis

A

A critical period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential - a turning point.

47
Q

Situational crisis

A

Acute imbalance that arises from events that are extraordinary, external rather than internal, and unanticipated.

48
Q

Anhedonia

A

Inability to feel pleasure.

49
Q

Anergia

A

Abnormal lack of energy.

50
Q

Positive symptoms

A

“Positive” means something added to the personality that should not be there.

51
Q

Negative symptoms

A

“Negative” means something taken away from the personality that should be there.

Mental Health (5 decks)

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