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criminal law > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

The crown

A

The prosecution

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2
Q

Summary conviction offences

A

A crime that is considered less serious and carries a lighter penalty

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3
Q

Indictable offences

A

A crime that is more serious than a summary conviction and carries a heavier penalty

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4
Q

Hybrid or dual procedure offences

A

An offence that the crown can try either as a summary or indictable offences

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5
Q

Arrest

A

To restrain someone’s liberty, indication clearly that they are not free to leave, so that they may answer a charge against them

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6
Q

Warrant

A

Authority to arrest a person or produce evidence

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7
Q

Reasonable grounds

A

One’s belief about something is based on more than a feeling or suspicion

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8
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

Document compelling the person who was served, to be brought before the court, allowing the detention to be adjudicated on

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9
Q

Adjudicated

A

Make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or disputed matter

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10
Q

Fit to stand trail

A

The ability of an accused person to understand the nature of the charges against him and to participate in his defence

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11
Q

The perpetrator

A

The person who actually commits the crimes

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12
Q

Party to an offence

A

Those people who are indirectly

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13
Q

Aiding

A

A criminal offence that involves helping a perpetrator commit a crime

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14
Q

Abetting

A

The crime of encouraging the perpetrator to commit an offence

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15
Q

Counselling

A

A crime that involves advising, recommending, or persuading another person to commit an offence

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16
Q

Accessory After the Fact

A

Someone who knowingly receives comforts, or assists a perpetrator in escaping from the police

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17
Q

Attempt

A

The intention to commit a crime, even when the crime is not completed

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18
Q

Conspiracy

A

An agreement between two or more people carry out an illegal act, even if that act does not actually occur

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19
Q

Crime scene

A

The site where the offence took place

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20
Q

Center

A

The area in which the offence was actually committed

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21
Q

Perimeter

A

The areas surrounding the center, where the offender may have been present or may have left evidence

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22
Q

Contamination

A

The loss, destruction, or alteration of physical evidence

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23
Q

Police log

A

A written record of what an officer has witnessed

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24
Q

Physical evidence

A

Any object, impression, or body element that can be used to prove or disprove facts relating to an offence

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25
Q

Forensic science

A

The use of biochemical and other scientific techniques to analyze evidence in a criminal investigation

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26
Q

Impressions

A

Patterns or marks found on surfaces and caused by various objects

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27
Q

Class characteristics

A

The general attributes of an object

28
Q

Individual characteristics

A

The specific and unique features of an object

29
Q

Fingerprint

A

A mark left behind after a fingertip touches an object

30
Q

Detention

A

Legally depriving a person of liberty for the purpose of asking question, with or without physical restraint

31
Q

Reasonble grounds

A

Information that. would lead to a reasonable person to conclude that the suspect had committed a criminal offence

32
Q

Appearance notice

A

A legal document, usually issued for less serious offences, compelling an accused person to appear in court

33
Q

Chain of custody

A

The witnessed, written record of the people who maintained unbroken control over an item of evidence

34
Q

Bench warrant

A

An arrest warrant issued directly by the judge when an accused person fails to appear in court

35
Q

Summons

A

A legal document issued fir an indictable offence ordering an accused person to appear in court

36
Q

Search warrant

A

A court document that gives the police the right to search a specific location

37
Q

Bail

A

The temporary release of an accused who posts money or some other security

38
Q

Reverse onus

A

The burden of proof shifts to the defence

39
Q

Homicide

A

The killing of another human being, directly or indirectly

40
Q

Culpable homicide

A

A killing for which the accused can be held legally responsible

41
Q

Non-culpable homicide

A

A killing for which person cannot be held legally responsible

42
Q

Murder

A

The intentional killing of another human

43
Q

First-degree murder

A

A killing that is planned and deliberate, is the re-suit of a contract, causes the death of a peace officer, or is committed during another serious crime

44
Q

Second-degree murder

A

Any murder not classified as first-degree murder

45
Q

Infanticide

A

The killing of a newborn infant by the child’s mother

46
Q

Manslaughter

A

Any culpable homicide not classified as murder or infanticide

47
Q

Assault

A

Threatened or actual physical contact without consent

48
Q

Aggravated assult

A

Wounding maiming, disfiguring, or endangering the life of a victim

49
Q

Sexual assult

A

Touching of a sexual nature that is not invited or consensual

50
Q

Sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party, or causing bodily harm

A

A form of sexual assault that involves the use of weapons, threats, or physical injury

51
Q

Aggravated sexual assault

A

Sexual assault that involves wounding, maiming, disfiguring, or endangering the life of a victim

52
Q

Theft

A

Taking property permanently or temporarily, without the owner’s permission

53
Q

Breaking and entering

A

Breaking or opening something in order to enter the premises without permission with the intent to commit an indictable offence

54
Q

Robbery

A

The theft of personal property through violence or the threat of violence

55
Q

Mishieft

A

Wilfully destroying or damaging property or data, interfering with any person in the lawful use of property or data

56
Q

Fraud

A

Intentionally deceiving someone in order to cause a loss of property, money, or service

57
Q

Prostitution

A

The act of engaging in sexual services for money

58
Q

Possession

A

The state of having knowledge of and control over something

59
Q

Trafficking

A

A criminal offence that involves selling, giving, transporting, or distributing a controlled substance or an authorization for a controlled substance

60
Q

Money laundering

A

Transferring cash or other property to conceal its illegal origin

61
Q

The judge

A

The court official appointed to try cases in a court of law and to sentence convicted persons

62
Q

The defence

A

The lawyer who defends an accused person on trial

63
Q

The prosecution

A

The lawyer representing the government, responsible for initiating legal proceedings against the accused

64
Q

Witness

A

Persons who give evidence while under oath in a court of law

65
Q

The jury

A

In criminal trial, a group of 12 people who decide whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

criminal law (3 decks)

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