definitions

Question 1

what is an inference

Answer 1

making an assumption about mental processes that can’t be directly observed through observing behaviour

Question 2

reductionism

Answer 2

when you take a complex phenomenon such as human behaviour and narrow the reasoning down to a simple explanation

Question 3

holism

Answer 3

human behaviour should be viewed as a whole integrated experience and not as separate parts

Question 4

determinism

Answer 4

view that free will is an illusion and that our behaviour is governed by internal or external forces over which we have no control

Question 5

free will

Answer 5

is the idea that we can play an active role and have choice in how we behave. the assumption is that indiciduals are free to choose their behaviour and are self determined

Question 6

operant conditioning

Answer 6

where behaviour becomes more or less likely through consequences and reinforcement

Question 7

positive reinforcement

Answer 7

when something desired is given in response to a desired behaviour. this leads to the behaviour being repeated

Question 8

negative reinforcement

Answer 8

a behaviour is strengthened by stopping removing or avoiding a negative outcome, increasing the likelihood of the desired behaviour

Question 9

punishment

Answer 9

something unpleasant to stop and undesirable behaviour, makes the behaviour less likely to happen again but doesn’t achieve a desired behaviour

Question 10

classical conditioning

Answer 10

learning through association

Question 11

role model

Answer 11

someone you identify with who has status in your eyes

Question 12

imitation

Answer 12

copying the behaviour of others

Question 13

modeling

Answer 13

imitating a role model or a role model demonstrating

Question 14

identification

Answer 14

when an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model

Question 15

motivation

Answer 15

the behaviour is rewarded or punished affecting the likelihood of the behaviour being performed by the observer in the future

Question 16

motor reproduction

Answer 16

memory must be translated into behaviours so the observer can access their own ability to carry out the same behaviour

Question 17

retention

Answer 17

individual encodes and remembers what they have observed

Question 18

attention

Answer 18

observer paying attention if interested

Question 19

mediational processes

Answer 19

mental processes that occurs between stimulus and response that influence our behaviour

Question 20

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 20

observing others being reinforced or punished imitating the behaviour to achieve the same result

Question 21

denial

Answer 21

making yourself believe that something wont happen when in fact it will. we refuse to accept some aspects of reality

Question 22

displacement

Answer 22

when you transfer your feelings from the source of these feeling to something less threatening

Question 23

repression

Answer 23

pushing bad expectations and distressing memories into the unconscious so you no longer think about it

Question 24

schema

Answer 24

a package of knowledge we possess about an object, event, etc
they are internal representations which help us to organise info and help us make sense of the world

Question 25

theoretical model

Answer 25

suggests minds process info in a systematic way
it describes the mind as if a computer, simplified representation

Question 26

structuralism

Answer 26

breaking down the mind into its separate parts

Question 27

introspection

Answer 27

the systematic analysis of your conscious mind, thoughts and feelings by self reporting them