Definitions Flashcards
Physical Change
a change in which no new substance is formed
Chemical change
a change in which one or more new substances are formed
Physical properties of a substance
the properties that can be determined without the substance changing into another substance
Chemical properites of a substance
the chemical reactions and the respective conditions in which each reaction takes place
Element
An pure substance which cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical methods
Compound
a pure substance made of two or more elements chemical combined together
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more pure substances (elements or compounds) which have not been chemically combined together
atom
the smallest part of an element which has the properties of that element
atomic number
the number of protons in an atom
Mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Isotopes
different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Relative isotopic mass (of a particular atom)
Relative isotopic mass of a particular atom is the mass of one atom of that isotope on the 12C scale
Relative atomic mass
Relative atomic mass of an element is the weighed average of the isotope masses of its natural isotopes on the 12C scale
Cations
Positive charge ions
Anions
Negatively charged ions
isoelectronic
Chemical species (ions or atoms) with the same electronic arrangement
The maximum number of electrons found in the n th shell
2nn
Extraction
The process of separating a metal from its ore
Alloys
Mixtures of a metal with other elements
Giant ionic structure
ionic solids made of ions packed closely together in a regular giant lattice
Atomicity
the number of atoms in a molecule of an element or compound.
Decantation
a quick but rough method of separating dense insoluble solids from a liquid or solution. The liquid on solution on top is carefully poured off
A saturated solution
A solution in which the solvent has dissolved the maximum amount of solute it can at a particular temperature.
Filtration
a method that separates an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution
Evaporization
the change of a liquid to vapour at a temperature below its boiling point
Crystallization
the process of forming crystals from a saturated solution
Dative covalent bond
a covalent bond formed between two atoms where both electrons in the shared pair are contributed by the same atom
