Definitions

Question 1

Adware

Answer 1

software that auto displays/downloads advertising material when online
* often without knowledge or consent

Question 2

Brute Force Attack

Answer 2

Method of breaking a password/encryption by trying all possible combos

Question 3

Chipping

Answer 3

Practice of altering/replacing microchips to change functionality

Question 4

Click Fraud

Answer 4

Act of repeatedly clicking on a pay-per-click ad to generate fraudulent charges for the advertiser

Question 5

Denial-of-Service Attack

Answer 5

An attack that makes a machine/network resource unavailable to its intended user by flooding internet traffic

Question 6

Hacking

Answer 6

Unathorized intrusion into computer/network

Question 7

Identity Theft

Answer 7

Fraudulent acquisition and use of a person’s private identifying information

Question 8

IP Address Spoofing

Answer 8

Creation of IP packets with a false source IP address to conceal the sender’s identity/impersonate another system

Question 9

Keylogger

Answer 9

Surveillance software that records every keystroke made on a computer

Question 10

Lebanese Looping

Answer 10

Technique used to commit fraud at ATMs where devices are used to trap a victim’s card in teh machine, allowing the criminal to retrieve it later

Question 11

Password Cracking

Answer 11

Process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to restricted systems using common passwords/algorithms that guess passwords

Question 12

Pharming

Answer 12

Cyberattack intended to redirect a website’s traffic to another, bogus site

Question 13

Phishing

Answer 13

Attempt to acquire sensitive info such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by acting as a trustworthy entity

Question 14

Phreaking

Answer 14

Act of hacking into telecommunications systems, primarily to make free long-distance phone calls or to have calls billed to other accounts

Question 15

Pod Slurping

Answer 15

Unathorized access and downloading of data from a computer/network using portable devices like smartphones, USB drives, or other portable media

Question 16

Posing

Answer 16

Act of pretending to be someone else in order to gain unathorized access to information/resources

Question 17

Pretexting

Answer 17

Practice of presenting oneself as someone else in order to obtain private information

Question 18

Ransomware

Answer 18

Malware that encrypts a user’s data and demands payment in order to decrypt and restore access

Question 19

Salami Technique

Answer 19

Small, stealthy alterations or transactions that are below the threshold of detection, but accumulate to a significant amount over time
* Office Space

Question 20

Scavenging/Dumpster Diving

Answer 20

Searching through trash/discarded digital media to find confidential info that can be used in fraudulent activities

Question 21

Shoulder Surfing

Answer 21

Observing someone’s private information/password by looking over their shoulder as they enter it on a device

Question 22

Skimming

Answer 22

Theft of credit/debit card info by using a device that reads and stores the card’s magnetic strip data during a transaction

Question 23

Spyware

Answer 23

Software that is installed on a computer without the user’s knowledge and collects and transmits info about the user’s computer activities

Question 24

Steganography

Answer 24

Practice of hiding secret info within something non-secret, such as embedding a message within an image or audio file, to avoid detection

Question 25

Trap Door/Back Door

Answer 25

Secret entry points into a software program/network/system often creaed by developers, which allow for unauthorized access bypassing normal authentication

Question 26

Trojan Horse

Answer 26

Malicious software that misleads users of its true intent, often disguised as legit software, and when activated can compromise the security of a system

Question 27

Typosquatting/ URL Hijacking

Answer 27

Practice of registering domains that are misspellings of popular websites to exploit typing errors made by internet users, often to redirect them to fraudulent sites or to steal information

Question 28

Virus

Answer 28

Malicious software that replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code

Question 29

Vishing

Answer 29

Attacker uses phone calls/voice messages to trick individuals into divulging sensitive personal info
* form of phishing

Question 30

Worm

Answer 30

Standalone malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers without needing to attach itself to a software program

Question 31

Zero-Day Attack

Answer 31

Cyber-attack that occurs on the same day as a weakness is discovered in software.
* Exploited before a fix becomes available