Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Poli 350 midterm > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Environmentalism

A

a political ideology according to which the natural environment should be protected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ideology

A

a set of values and believes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tragedy of the commons

A

collective action problem, people think of their own interests
people don’t act to save resources that are not allocated by markets bc think so else is going to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fractal

A

a metaphor about interactions between different systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

turbulence

A

a situation where events, demands and support interact and change in highly variable, inconsistent, unexpected or unpredictable ways
different from crisis
potential sources: systems, patriarchy, neoliberalism, white supremacy, racial capitalism, triggers, technological innovations, env change, legislative changes, geopo conflicts, policy gaps,…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ontology

A

theory and study of being of the nature of reality (What do we know ?, What is real?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epistemology

A

theory and study of knowledge (How do we know what we know?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

positivism

A

importance of empirical observation and scientific methods in understanding the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

reflectivism (post-positivism)

A

importance of critical self-reflection and introspection in the pursuit of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

critical theory

A

challenge + critique of existing social structures, power dynamics and forms of oppression, promotes social change and emancipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(neo)realism

A

states are self-interested, no global gov, global politics is determined by the “balance of power” between states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(neo)liberalism

A

state-centric, individual rights, limited state, free markets, eco interdependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

liberal institutionalism

A

state-centric but faith in rules, norms and institutions to shape behavior (origin of ESG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

social constructivism

A

rejects rationalism, role of social interactions, culture and language in dev of knowledge
individuals actively construct their understanding of the world through social and cultural processes rather than absorbing objective truths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

norms

A

collective expectations for the proper behaviour of actors with a given id
collective or shared meanings and ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

marxism

A

critical analysis of capitalism
seeks to understand the nature of class struggle, the role of eco in society and the dynamics of historical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

neo-gramscism

A

understand the role of ideas, culture, power, and hegemony in shaping international politics and global relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

social structures

A

sets of social, eco and political norms and institutions, including culture and class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hegemony

A

supremacy of a social class/ruling coalition of actors
threatened by counterhegemonic movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

governmentality

A

the mechanisms of government
the processes/practices found inside and outside state institutions

21
Q

globalization

A

a dynamic, ongoing and accelerating process, restructuring and integrating economies, institutions and civil society
- focus on structural economic factors
- transnational actors and forces
- dynamics go beyond eco interdependence between states
- extension of colonialism

22
Q

colonization

A

a social structure and continuiting process, a practice of domination which involves the subjugation of one people to another + possession of the land

23
Q

settler colonialism

A

distinct form of colonialism, dispossession of Indigenous lands and political authority

24
Q

imperialism

A

often use synonymously with colonization, broader and more indirect means of control

25
Q

neoliberal capitalism

A

an eco system and a way of organizing relations over distance
money as a social construction that flows through nature
confidence in markets, minimal state intervention, private ownership

26
Q

decoupling

A

the process of separating eco growth and dev from its traditional reliance on the consumption of natural resources and the generation of env harm
shift away from the idea that eco growth and env degradation are intrinsically linked

27
Q

optimism

A

assumes the best and its inevitability = leads to passivity

28
Q

hope

A

taking risks, being vulnerable to the effects of loss, recognizing the uncertainty of the future and making a commitment to try and participate in shaping it
conviction that sth is worth doing no matter how it turns out

29
Q

market liberalism

A

eco growth and high per capita income = essential to human welfare + maintenance of sustainable dev
globalization seen as positive because promotes eco-growth and global interaction
most env problems have the potential to improve in longer term

30
Q

Institutionalism

A

need for stronger global institutions and norms, sufficient state and local capacity to constrain and direct the global political eco
ensures that global eco policies work to both improve the env and raise living standards

31
Q

bioenvironmentalism

A

stresses “carrying capacity” of the Earth and how we have overstepped it
blames globalization for spreading Western patterns of consumption into the dev world + seen to encourage harmful production processes in poor countries that have lower env standards

32
Q

Social greens

A

large-scale industrialism seen to encourage inequality + contributing to poverty and env degradation
capitalism leads to an unequal distribution of global income, power and env problems + a threat to human survival

33
Q

rationalism

A

reasoned approach
states capable of developing shared norms
practices can ameliorate their condition and develop the rights of their citizens

34
Q

English School

A

a reflectivist approach to international society
historically based interpretative approach

35
Q

revolutionism

A

rejection of status quo
reform and ameliorate
sovereign states = part of the problem rather than potential promoters of a more sustainable world (“critical theorists”)

36
Q

Foucauldian approach

A

the material world, including nature is meaningless until it is interpreted and assigned meaning by humans
to assign meaning is an act of power

37
Q

Frontier

A

an organising principle of metropolitan wealth

38
Q

Cheapness

A

a set of strategies to manage relations between capitalism and the web of life by temporarily fixing capitalism’s crisis

39
Q

Capitalism

A

a concept in which money flows through nature

40
Q

disposability

A

a tactic within a suite of efforts to move goods through, rather than merely into consumer households (ex: packaging)

41
Q

self-purification

A

the amount of waste material that may be discharged into a receiving water without causing deleterious ecological effects

42
Q

decolonization

A

Tuck and Yang: repatriating land to sovereign Native tribes and nations, abolition of slavery in its contemporary forms and the dismantling of the imperial metropole

43
Q

modesty

A

you don’t talk about your accomplishments so that you don’t elevate yourself over others

44
Q

humility

A

you are connected to others and it is the recognition that you cannot do anything without these many others

45
Q

romantics

A

anti-modernist, distrust science, conservative, conservation

46
Q

modern era

A

utilitarian , scientific, rationalism

47
Q

metaphor

A

a type of cognitive shortcut, shape our theories of change
ex: tragedy of the commons, carbon lock-in, fractal carbon trap

48
Q

the commons

A

resources that are not allocated by markets (groundwater, fisheries, forests)

49
Q

constructivism

A

role of ideas, norms and social constructions in shaping how societies understand and address environmental issues

Poli 350 midterm (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions