Definitions Flashcards
Elements in the Communication process
Elements in the Communication Process
●Sender – initiator of the communication
●Message – the subject matter
●Medium – the means to convey the message
●Audience – the receiver of the message
●Feedback – the response to the message
●Environment – the situation in which the communication takes place
Elements in the communication process
Continued
●Code – a set of symbols used in meaningful combinations
●Verbal code – with words, eg: Pass the salt.
●Nonverbal code – without words, eg: a smile or gesture; the colour red for danger
●Encode – make an idea accessible to others
●Decode – receive, understand and interpret a message
The different levels of communication are:
•Intrapersonal:
•Interpersonal
•Small-group
•Public
•Mass
•Organisational
The different levels of communication are:
•Intrapersonal: ‘talking’ to ourselves. Forms self image
•Interpersonal: between 2 people
•Small-group: between people who have a common goal
•Public: in public, mostly one-way and formal
•Mass: sending message to mass audience based on their needs
•Organisational: within the workplace
Communication barrier
Meaning
Jargon
Difficult words
Insensitive use of language
Long sentences
Spelling errors
Punctuation errors
• Communication barrier: is anything that hampers or prevents the smooth flow of the message from sender to receiver
Meaning: different understanding of the meaning of the word
e.g. Sit here for the present – could mean gift or short while
•Jargon is language used in specific field, e.g. Cricket – lbw, leg bye. Computers- mouse, byte, etc
. Use only if audience knows the jargon/field
•Difficult words – perambulate? Discombobulate?
•Insensitive use of language – racist, sexist, ageist. Laaitie, boytjie, girlie
•Incorrect grammar - Concord error (I are happy) Gender (He is a woman)
•Long sentences – you lose track of meaning
•Spelling errors – achieve/acheive accommodation/acomodation address/adres
•Punctuation error – using comma (,) incorrectly, etc. can change meaning of sentence
Communication process
Communicative purpose can be loosely categorised as:
•Information (to inform)
•Persuasion (to persuade)
•Promotion of goodwill (to promote
goodwill)
4 types of business communication changes
- Upward: starts from the lowest level of the business hierarchy
- Downward: starts from the highest level of the business hierarchy
- Lateral: among peers or people of the same level
- External: comes from people outside the business
5 categories of barriers
- Perceptual
- Language
- Physical
- Physiological
- Psychological
Perception
Be aware of something through the senses and to understand it
5 perceptual breakdowns
- Needs
- Selection
- Cultural background
- Past experiences
- Education
Cultural background
- peope from the same culture will have shared values, beliefs, language will most likely understand each other
- person from another culture will not understand what is acceptable
- ethnocentrism : thinking your culture as supreme than others
- stereotype: failing to see the individuality of others in a culture
Past experiences
People with different experiences so people will deal with the same situation differently
Needs
Physiological, self esteem, self actualisation, sense of belonging, safety(security), social need, recognition, status
Selection
You select to attend to what you expect or familiar with
Education
Communication barriers of Language
Physical
Deals with the external environment
