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Chemistry: Acids, Bases and Salts > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an acid

A

proton donor

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2
Q

what is a base

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

bases are

A

oxides or hydroxides of metals

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4
Q

alkalis are

A

soluble bases (metal hydroxides)

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5
Q

which ions do aqueous solutions of acids contain

A

H+

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6
Q

which ions do aqueous solutions of alkalis contain

A

OH-

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7
Q

what strong acid

A

acid that is completely dissociated into ions in aqueous solution

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8
Q

what is a weak acid

A

acid that is partially dissociated into ions in aqueous solution

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9
Q

name a strong acid

A

hydrochloric

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10
Q

equation of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl –> H+ + Cl-

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11
Q

a base can be

A
  • copper(II) oxide (CuO), which contain oxide (O2–) ions
  • metal carbonates, which contain carbonate (CO32–)
  • metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which contain hydroxide (OH–) ions
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12
Q

name a weak acid

A

ethanoic acid

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13
Q

symbol equation of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH <–> H+ + CHCOO-

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14
Q

water of crystilisation

A

water molecules present in hydrated crystals

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15
Q

hydrated substance

A

substance that is chemically combined with water

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16
Q

anhydrous substance

A

substance containing no water

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17
Q

reaction between acid and alkali to produce water

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> H2O(l)

18
Q

most non metal oxides are

A

acidic

19
Q

example of acidic metal oxide

A

CO2 and SO2

20
Q

most metal oxides are

A

basic

21
Q

What are examples of basic metal oxides?

A

CuO and CaO

22
Q

What are amphoteric oxides?

A

oxides that reacts with acids AND with bases to produce a salt and water

23
Q

What are two examples of amphoteric oxides?

A

Al2O3 and ZnO

24
Q

Are sodium salts soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

25
Q

Are potassium salts soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

26
Q

Are ammonium salts soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

27
Q

Are nitrates soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble

28
Q

Are chlorides soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble, except for lead and silver

29
Q

Are sulfates soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble, except for barium, calcium, and lead

30
Q

Are carbonates soluble or insoluble?

A

insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium

31
Q

Are hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

insoluble, except sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium (partially)

32
Q

How can you convert from mol/dmˆ3 to g/dmˆ3?

A

by multiplying mol/dmˆ3 by the Mr

33
Q

What are methods for preparing, separating and purifying SOLUBLE salts?

A

reacting an acid with:
an alkali in a titration
excess metal
excess insoluble base
excess insoluble carbonate

34
Q

What is a method for preparing INSOLUBLE salts?

A

precipitation

35
Q

What are the main three possible types of salts?

A

chlorides
sulfates
nitrates

36
Q

What are the three main acids?

A

nitric acid
sulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid

37
Q

What are the possible types of bases?

A

metal oxides
metal hydroxides
metal carbonates
ammonia

38
Q

Describe how to produce salts using an acid and a metal/metal oxide/metal carbonate.

A
  1. warm acid to speed up reaction
  2. add excess of the metal to acid
  3. filter solution: removes excess solid
  4. transfer to evaporating dish
  5. use bunsen burner to evaporate water (around 2/3) until crystals start to form
  6. leave to cool
  7. filter to get crystals
  8. dry crystals on filter paper
39
Q

Why do you add excess metal/metal oxide/metal carbonate when preparing a salt using an acid?

A

to ensure all acid has been neutralised

40
Q

Describe how to carry out a precipitation.

A
  1. mix equal quantities of two soluble salts
  2. filter to remove insoluble salt (precipitate)
  3. wash precipitate with water
  4. leave to dry
41
Q

Why should you rinse the burette with titrant after rinsing with water?

A

to avoid diluting the titrant

Chemistry: Acids, Bases and Salts (5 decks)

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