Definitions

Question 1

Define tensile strength

Answer 1

The resistance of a material breaking under tension

Question 2

Define compressive strength

Answer 2

The resistance of a material breaking under compression compared to tensile strength

Question 3

Define shear strenght

Answer 3

The strength of a material that can resist forces that cause the internal structure to slide against itself and shear. Measured in either horizontal or vertical direction.

Question 4

Define hardness

Answer 4

The resistance of a material from deforming.

Question 5

Define toughness

Answer 5

The ability of a material to absorb energy and deform without fracturing. Opposite to rupture

Question 6

Define brittleness

Answer 6

The property of a material that fractures when subjected to stress; has little tendency to deform before rupture.

Question 7

Define elasticity

Answer 7

The tendency of solid objects and materials to return to their original shape and size after force has been applied.

Question 8

Define plasticity

Answer 8

The deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of a shape in response of applied force.

Question 9

Define malleability

Answer 9

A material that has the ability to deform under pressure or hammering without cracking or breaking. They can reshape into new forms without losing their internal structure or strength.

Question 10

Define conductivity (thermal and electric)

Answer 10

Thermal- the property of a material to transfer heat
Electrical- the measure of ease at which an electric charge passes through a metal with little resistance.

Question 11

Define corrosion resistant

Answer 11

The ability to protect a material from corrosion/ environmental deterioration by chemical or electro-chemical reaction.

Question 12

Define viscosity

Answer 12

The measure of i stance to flow. Water has a very low viscosity while honey is very viscous.

Question 13

Define fatigue

Answer 13

The progressive and localised structural damage or failure when a material is subject to cyclic loading ( springs or materials in a loop). Fatigue can exacerbate structural damage in the presence of corrosive environments.

Question 14

Define work hardening

Answer 14

The increase of hardness of a metal by hammering, rolling or drawing or other processes.

Question 15

Define rigidity

Answer 15

A materials resistance to bending; a material that can withstand deformation.

Question 16

Define isotopic

Answer 16

Materials whose properties remain the same when tested in different directions for example glass, plastic and metals.

Question 17

Define anisotropic

Answer 17

The quality of exhibiting properties with different values when measures along axes in different directions.

Question 18

Define crystalline structure

Answer 18

A crystal structure that is composed of a unit cell, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way which is periodically repeated in 3D on a lattice.

Question 19

Define aseptic filling

Answer 19

A process off filling sterilised product into sterilised containers.