Definitions Flashcards
Homologous series
Sequence of compounds with the same function group, same general formula and similar chemical properties
Functional group
An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical and physical properties of a molecule
Hydrocarbon
An organic molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
Oxidation
Addition of oxygen
Removal of hydrogen
Loss of electron
Increase in oxidation number
Reduction
Loss of oxygen
Gain of hydrogen
Gain of electrons
Reduction in oxidation number
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of a substance when reacting with water
Condensation
When two molecules react together releasing a small molecule (commonly HCl or H2O)
Addition
One molecule adds to another
Elimination
Opposite of addition
Removal of a part of a molecule
Substitution
One atom or group is replaced by another atom or group
electrophile
Lone pair acceptor, has a vacancy for a pair of electrons
Electrophilic
A type of reaction involving an electrophile
Nucleophile
Lone pair donors (negative species) that have a lone pair of electrons available to form a new covalent bond
Nucleophilic
A type of reaction involving a nucleophile
Arrhenius
Acid definition
Base definition
Acid - a compound that increases H+ concentration when added to water
Base - a compound that increases OH- concentration when added to water
