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Comp Sci > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Bit

A

A single unit of binary (binary digit)

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2
Q

Binary

A

A numbering system consisting of 1s and 0s

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3
Q

Byte

A

8 bits in a byte

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4
Q

Binary shift left

A

Will double the number

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5
Q

Binary shift right

A

Will divide the number by 2

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6
Q

Pixel

A

The smallest representable part of an image. Stands picture element.

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7
Q

Colour depth

A

The amount of bits needed to represent all the colours in an image.

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8
Q

Image Resolution

A

The amount of pixels in a given area

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9
Q

Analogue sound

A

A none digital sound wave

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10
Q

Digital sound

A

A sound as represented by binary numbers.

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11
Q

Sample rate

A

The amount of sound samples taken from an analogue every second. (Hertz)

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12
Q

Sound resolution

A

The amount bits required to store all the sounds in an audio file.

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13
Q

Lossy compression

A

Data is permanently removed from a file when it’s compressed.

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14
Q

Lossless compression

A

No data is permanently removed from the when it’s compressed.

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15
Q

Run length encoding

A

A form of lossless compression. Uses frequency of data pairs to shrink file size.

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16
Q

Bit-depth

A

The amount of bits needed to store a given amount of combinations of binary.

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17
Q

Hardware

A

The physical parts of a computer

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18
Q

Software

A

The instructions carried out on a computer

19
Q

System Software

A

Software required for a computer to run

20
Q

Utility Software

A

A type of system software used to manage a computer system

21
Q

Operating System

A

Software that provides a user interface, manages memory, the processor, storage

22
Q

Application software

A

Software that carries out a specific task

23
Q

Peripheral

A

All devices apart from the processor and primary memory

24
Q

CPU

A

The brain of the computer. All inputs and outputs from a computer run through the CPU

25
Q

Register

A

High speed memory on the CPU. Stores data needed for the F-D-E cycle (instruction address, data being decided, outputs of calculations)

26
Q

Cache

A

High speed memory on the CPU. Stores instructions the processor is likely to reuse.

27
Q

Von Neumann Architecture

A

A computer architecture where data and instructions are stored on the same device.

28
Q

Arithmetic Logic Unit

A

A component of the CPU which carries out calculations

29
Q

Control Unit

A

Coordinates all the activities of a CPU

30
Q

CPU clock

A

Controls the timing of the processor – the speed of the clock is measured in hertz. Each pulse represents one CPU cycle

31
Q

Bus

A

A set of wires that connect components of a computer

32
Q

System bus

A

Includes the Address Bus (transfers memory address), Data Bus (transfers data) & Control Bus (transfers control signals)

33
Q

Virtual Memory

A

A partition of secondary storage which is used when RAM is full

34
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System. Controls and coordinates hardware

35
Q

Primary Storage

A

Also known as primary memory, main memory, primary storage. Where instructions are kept for quick access from the CPU. Includes ROM & RAM

36
Q

Secondary Storage

A

Where long term instructions are held. For example, installed programs, saved documents and files. Includes magnetic disk, solid state drive & optical disk.

37
Q

Magnetic storage

A

A type of secondary storage which uses magnetised disks and a mechanical arm to represent 0s & 1s. (Hard disk drive)

38
Q

Solid State Storage

A

A type of secondary storage which uses a current to trap electrons. Trapped electrons can represent 0s & 1s

39
Q

Optical Storage

A

Secondary storage that uses pits and lands to represent 0s & 1s and uses a laser to read them

40
Q

Algorithm

A

A sequence of instructions carried out to solve a problem

41
Q

Decomposition

A

Breaking down a problem into a series of more manageable subproblems.

42
Q

Abstraction

A

Removing unnecessary detail from a problem.

43
Q

Pseudocode

A

One of the two ways of planning an algorithm. Uses ‘plain English’ text to describe the arrangement of an algorithm

44
Q

Efficiency of algorithms

A

The amount of steps required to complete an algorithm (fewer steps = more efficient).

Comp Sci (3 decks)

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