Definitions Flashcards
Properties of a proton
In nucleus, positive charge
Properties of a neutron
In nucleus, neutral charge
Properties of an electron
In orbit, negative charge
Element
Substance made up of the one type of particle. Cannot be broken down chemically into smaller substances.
Compound
Substance made up of two or more different elements. Can be broken down in to simpler substances.
Mixture
Two or more substances physically combined.
Isotype
Have the same number of protons BUT different numbers of neutrons.
Cation
A positively charged ion (atoms or groups of atoms that have more protons than electrons due to having lost one or more electrons)
Anion
Negatively-charged ions (meaning they have more electrons than protons due to having gained one or more electrons)
Acids
Give away a hydrogen ion (produce). Can corrode metal and have a sour taste. Turn litmus paper red and have a PH less than 7.
Bases
Accept a hydrogen ion. Can feel slippery, have a bitter taste and turn litmus paper blue. Their PH level is more than 7.
Acids and a base in water
Their reaction results in the formation of a salt and water. This reaction is called neutralization.
Use of the PH scale
Used to measure the strength of acids and bases and is 0-14. Acids are more than 7, 7 is neutral and bases are less than 7.
Uses of acids and bases
Cleaning products, carbonated drinks, paint and soap.
Exothermic
Releases energy and causes the temperature of surroundings to rise
