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clinical psychology > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

How many adults are getting treatment for a mental health issue

A

1 in 3
Most commonly treated with medication

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2
Q

Rates of mental health issues changing in children

A

1 in 9 in 2017 to 1 in 6 in 2020

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3
Q

What is a mental health disorder

A

Syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behaviour that reflects dysfunction in the various functions that underlie mental function

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4
Q

What is not a mental health disorder

A

Culturally normal response to loss of family member
Socially deviant behaviour

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5
Q

Defining normal behaviour

A

Common
Positive bias to society
Expected and appropriate
No personal distress

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6
Q

Defining abnormal behaviour

A

Rare
Negative bias to society
Unexpected and inappropriate
Leads to personal distress

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7
Q

Social judgements on mental health disorders

A

Subjective to personal opinion

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8
Q

Objective measures for mental health disorders

A

Blood tests and MRI scanning

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9
Q

Where does atypical behaviour originate

A
  1. Age, sex and hereditary factors
  2. Individual lifestyle factors
  3. Social and community networks
  4. Living and working conditions
  5. General cultural conditions
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10
Q

Nature vs nurture

A

Diathesis (stressor) can link biological and environmental factors

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11
Q

Understanding disorders

A

All factors can affect each other and loop around - all factors of understanding disorders are linked

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12
Q

Disorder loop

A

Aetiology (cause) to presentation and assessment to diagnosis and identification to treatment and therapy - loops back around

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13
Q

Indicators of abnormality

A

Distress
Maladaptive behaviour
Statistical deviance
Violation of societal standards
Social discomfort (from observers)
Unpredictable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour

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14
Q

Why define abnormal behaviour

A

Common names for complex clinical conditions
Easy to structure certain disorders
Helps healthcare professionals

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15
Q

Why you shouldn’t define abnormal behaviour

A

Can create stigmas and stereotypes
Can affect a person’s self concept
People will avoid those labelled with mental health disorder

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16
Q

Culture effects

A

Different cultures can experience psychological stress differently
Can shape how clinical elements are presented

17
Q

Point prevalence

A

How many people have disorder at one point in time

18
Q

One year prevelance

A

How many people have disorder during a year

19
Q

Lifetime prevelance

A

How many people gave had disorder at any point in their life

20
Q

Comorbididty

A

Presence of two or more disorders in a patient
High in those with severe mental health disorders

21
Q

Sufficient cause

A

Guarantees occurrence of a disorder

22
Q

Contributory cause

A

Increases the probability of a disorder but may not be necessary or sufficient for a disorder to develop

23
Q

Distal risk factor

A

Causal factor that doesn’t show effect until later in life

24
Q

Proximal risk factor

A

Causal factor that shows effect immediately

25
Q

Reinforcing contributory cause

A

Condition that maintains maladaptive behaviour

26
Q

Protective factors

A

Something that protects an individual from developing a disorder

27
Q

Resilience

A

More resilience will lead to minimal impact from threatening circumstances
If you show resilience in one area you may struggle in another

28
Q

Biological theory

A

Have to consider various biological abnormalities
Can use twin methods or adoption methods to see the extend of genes on behaviour

29
Q

Interpersonal theory

A

Emphasises the social and cultural forces that shape behaviour

30
Q

Attachment theory

A

Emphasises the importance of early experiences with attachment relationships

31
Q

Behavioural theory

A

Focuses on the role of learning in behaviour
Attributes maladaptive behaviour to a failure to learn appropriate behaviour

32
Q

Cognitive behavioural theory

A

Incorporates the complexities of human cognition into an understanding of the causes of abnormal

clinical psychology (9 decks)

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