Definitions Flashcards
Radian
one radian is the angle suspended at the center of the circle, by a narc of length equal to the radius of the circle
Angular displacement
The angle, through which an object moves through a circle
Angular velocity
The rate of change of the angular position of an object as it moves along a curved path
period
The time taken by the body to complete the circular path once
Centripetal force
resultant force acting on an object moving in circle always directed towards the center of the circle perpendicular to the velocity of the object
centripetal acceleration
a= rω^2 or a=v^2/r
Gravitational field strength
gravitational force per unit mass 
gravitational potential at a point
Work done per unit of mass in bringing in miles from infinity to the point
gravitational potential energy
Mass M at the point in the gravitational field of another mass M is the work done in bringing that mass M from infinity to that point
Avogadro constant
Number of Hatem present in 12 g of carbon 12
Mole
Amount of substance containing same number of particle as in 12 g of carbon 12
ideal gas
A gas, which a basic ideal gas equation for all values of PV T
Boyles law
Pressure inversely proportional to the volume
Charles law
Volume proportional to temperature
mean, square velocity
Mean value of square of the velocities of the molecules
thermal equilibrium
A condition where two or more object in constant, have the same temperature, so there is a no net flow of energy between them 
Thermodynamic kelvin scale
theoretical scale that is independent of properties of any particular substance 
absolute zero
Temperature at which a system has minimum internal energy
triple point of pure water
Temperature at which water exist as vapor liquid and solid
specific heat capacity
Energy required per unit mass of a substance to raise the temperature by 1 K
specific latent heat of sim
Energy required per unit of mass of a substance to change from solid to liquid face without any change in temperature
specific latent heat of the vaporization
Energy required per unit mass of a substance to change from liquid to gas without any change in temperature 
Internal energy
sum of random distribution of kinetic and potential energy of molecules in a system 
first law of thermodynamics
The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat supplied to the system in the work done on the system
displacement
Instanter nails distance of the moving object from its mean position
amplitude
Maximum displacement from the mean position
frequency
Number of oscillation per unit time
angular frequency
Rate of change of angular displacement
Phase difference
Measure of how much one wave is out of step with another wave
simple, harmonic motion
Acceleration, proportional to displacement and directed towards a fixed point
dumping
Loss of energy and reduction in amplitude from an oscillating system, caused by force acting in opposite direction to the motion
Light dumping
System oscillates about equilibrium position with decreasing amplitude over a period of time
critical dumping
Season does not oscillate and is amount of dumping a corsage that the system returns to its equilibrium position in the shortest possible
heavy dumping
Damn thing is so great that the displaced object never oscillate battery turns to equilibrium position very very slowly
natural frequency F0
The unforced frequency of oscillation of a freely oscillating object
Free oscillation
Oscillatory motion, not object it to an external periodic driving force
Forced oscillation
The maximum amplitude of vibration, when impressed frequency equals natural frequency of vibration
Electric field of a charge
The space around the charge in which an electric force due to that charge is experienced
Coulombs law
any two point charges exerts an electrical force on each other that is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation
Electric field strength
Force per unit positive charge
Electric potential at the point
The work done in bringing you need positive charge from infinity to that point
potential difference
defined as work done in taking you need positive charge from B to A
Equipotential surface
A surface where the electric potential is constant
capacitance
The ratio of charge start by a capacitor to potential difference across it
Farrad
Unit of capacitance 1 km/V
magnetic field
A region of space in which a magnet a wire, carrying conductor, moving charge experiences of force
magnetic flux
Number of magnetic field line passing normally to a given area
magnetic flux density
Force acting per unit, current on unit length of conduct her place at right angles to that magnetic field
Tesla
is the magnetic field produced in the force of one N per meter on a caring current of 1A normal to the field
Magnetic flux
Product of magnetic flux density, an area, normal to feel through which the field is passing
weber
The flags at Petronela Avenue 1 m² when the magnetic flux density is one Tesla
magnetic flux linkage
Product of magnetic flux in number of turns
faradays law
The magnitude of induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage
lenzs law
The direction of the Houston him if he says that attends supposed to flax linkage, causing it
pick value
Highest point on the graph
instantaneous current/voltage
The current/voltage at the particular instant
root mean square, the value
The value of steady current/voltage that produce same power in a resistor as the alternating current/voltage
particle model
Objects that are heart has mass and move about according to a lot of men, Newtonian mechanics
wave model
Shaped like a sine graph, do not have my surcharge. Their defining characteristics are diffraction and interference.
photoelectric effect
When an electromagnetic radiation of sufficiently high frequency falls on a metal surface electrons are emitted
Threshold, frequency
minimum frequency required to release electrons from the surface of a mantle 
work function
Minimum amount of energy required by electron to scape its surface
 Emission line spectra
The composition of light emitted by hot gas
Absorption line spectra
When white light is passed through a Cool gas
mass defect
The difference between the total mass of the individual separated, nucleons in the mass of the nucleus
binding energy
The minimum external energy required to separate all the neutrons and protons of a new clothes and energy released when the new clothes is assembled from its constituent nucleons
Fission
Process in which a massive nuclear splits to form to smaller fragments
Fusion
Process by which two very light nuclear join together to form a heavier a nucleus
Random
Impossible to predict, and each new clue has same probability of decaying per unit time
spontaneous
Not affected by external factors, such as the presence of another nuclei, temperature and pressure
activity of a radioactive sample
is the rate at which nuclear decay
decay constant
Probability that an individual nucleus will decay per unit time interval
Half life
Is the mean time taken for half of the active no clay in a sample to decay
Luminosity
Total radiant, energy emitted per unit
Standard candle
An astronomical object of known luminosity
light years
Distance traveled by light in a vacuum in a year
radiant flex density
Radiant power passing normally through a surface per unit area
Black body
And idealized object that absorbs all incident, electromagnetic radiation
Wien’s displacement law
The higher, the temperature of the body, the shorter the wavelength, and the greater the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation at each wavelength
Big bang theory
Around 13.7 billion years ago everything in the entire universe was considered as an infinitesimally small singularity, a point of infinite denseness and heat
Red shift
The observed wave lengths of all the spectral lines from distant galaxies are longer than the ones observed in lab
Doppler red shift
Formula for those galaxies, moving speed lower than light
Hubbles law
The recession speed v of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance d
