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Physics > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Vector

A

A physical quantity that has both direction and magnitude

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2
Q

Scalar

A

A physical quantity that has only magnitude

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3
Q

Resultant vector

A

The single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together

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4
Q

Distance

A

Length of path travelled

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5
Q

Displacement

A

Change in position

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6
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change of distance

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7
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement

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8
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity

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9
Q

Weight

A

The gravitational force that the earth exerts on any object on or near its surface

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10
Q

Normal force

A

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with ut

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11
Q

Frictional force

A

The force that opposes the motion of an object and acts parallel to the surface with which the object is in contact

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12
Q

Newtons first Law

A

An object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by a net or resultant force

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13
Q

Inertia

A

The property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion

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14
Q

Newtons second Law

A

When a net force is applied to an object of mass, it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net for and inversely proportional to the mass

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15
Q

Newtons third Law

A

When object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts a force of equal magnitude on object A

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16
Q

Linear momentum

A

The product of mass and velocity of the object

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17
Q

Elastic collision

A

A collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy is conserved

18
Q

Inelastic collision

A

A collision in which only momentum is conserved

19
Q

Impulse

A

The product of the net force and the contact time

20
Q

Work done on an object by a force

A

The product of the displacement and the component of force parallel to the displacement

21
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

The energy an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point

22
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy an object has a result of the objects motion

23
Q

Mechanical energy

A

The sum of gravitational potential and kinetic energy at a point

24
Q

Work energy theorem

A

The work done by a net force on an object is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the object

25
Q

Power

A

The rate at which work is done

26
Q

One watt

A

The power when one joule of work is done in one second

27
Q

Efficiency

A

The ratio of output power to input power

28
Q

Newtons law of Universal Gravitation

A

Every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers

29
Q

Gravitational field

A

The force acting per unit mass

30
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

Two point charges in free space or air exert forces on each other. The force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges.

31
Q

Magnitude of the electric field at a point

A

The force per unit positive charge

32
Q

Potential difference

A

The work done per unit positive charge

33
Q

Current

A

The rate of flow of charge

34
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature

35
Q

Resistance

A

A materials opposition to the flow of electric current

36
Q

EMF

A

The total energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell

37
Q

Magnetic flux linkage

A

The product of the number of turns on the coil and the flux through the coil

38
Q

Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction

A

The emf induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux

39
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

The induced current flows in a direction so as to set up a magnetic field to oppose the change in magnetic flux

40
Q

Diode

A

A component that only allows current to flow in one direction

41
Q

Threshold frequency

A

The minimum frequency of incident radiation at which electrons will be emitted from a particular metal

42
Q

Work function

A

The minimum amount of energy required to emit an electron from the surface of a metal and know that the work function is material specific

Physics (8 decks)

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