definitions Flashcards
ABFRACTION
ABFRACTION: The hypothetical process leading to the loss of cervical tooth structure due to a combination of abrasion, erosion, and/or occlusal forces; data supporting this term as a discrete clinical entity are equivocal. See also ABRASION and EROSION.
ABRASION
ABRASION: The wearing away of tooth structure or restorative material through an abnormal mechanical process. Examples include gingival and dental abrasions due to incorrect brushing. #Diagnostic Terminology
ABSCESS
ABSCESS: Localized collection of purulent exudate (pus) in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues due to an infectious process or foreign material.
ABSCESS: CHRONIC ABSCESS
ABSCESS: CHRONIC ABSCESS: 1. Abscess of comparatively slow development with little evidence of inflammation. There may be an intermittent discharge of purulent matter. 2. Long-standing collection of purulent exudate. It may follow an acute abscess. See also RESIDUAL …
ABSCESS: GINGIVAL ABSCESS
ABSCESS: GINGIVAL ABSCESS: A localized purulent infection that involves the marginal gingiva or interdental papilla. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
ABSCESS: PERICORONAL ABSCESS
ABSCESS: PERICORONAL ABSCESS: A localized purulent infection within the tissue surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
ABSCESS: RESIDUAL ABSCESS
ABSCESS: RESIDUAL ABSCESS: Persistent abscess formed by the residues of a previous infection or foreign material.
ABSORPTION
ABSORPTION: 1. Passage of a substance into the interior of another substance. 2. Passage of fluids or substances through tissues. 3. Attenuation of radiation energy by the substance through which it passes. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ABUTMENT
ABUTMENT: Tooth, root, or implant used to support and/or retain a fixed or removable prosthesis. #Prosthodontics
ACANTHOLYSIS
ACANTHOLYSIS: Dissolution of the intercellular attachments within the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of stratified squamous epithelium. Classically seen in pemphigus vulgaris during vesicle and bulla formation. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ACANTHOSIS
ACANTHOSIS: Hyperplasia of the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in thickened rete ridges or widening of this layer. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ACCRETION
ACCRETION: Accumulation on the teeth of foreign materials such as plaque, materia alba, and calculus. #Miscellaneous
ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX
ACELLULAR DERMAL MATRIX: An allogenic collagen material that has been treated to remove all cells to provide a matrix to support tissue regeneration and re-vascularization ultimately being transformed into host tissue. Indicated in mucogingival/regenerative procedures. …
ACHE
ACHE: Any dull, continuous or throbing pain. It is a subjective sensation, thought to be the psychological manifestation of c-fiber (slow, nonmyelinated) nociceptive impulses with origin outside the central nervous system. #Miscellaneous
ADHESION
ADHESION: The property of remaining in close proximity; the molecular attraction existing between the surfaces of contacting bodies. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT
ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT: Supplementary and additional therapeutic procedures. In periodontics, it generally refers to procedures other than scaling and root planing and surgical therapy, such as chemotherapy, occlusal therapy. #Miscellaneous
ADSORPTION
ADSORPTION: The attachment of a substance to the surface of another. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ADSORPTION
ADSORPTION: The attachment of a substance to the surface of another. #HistologyandCellularBiology
ALLELE
ALLELE: One of two or more different genes that may occupy the same locus on a specific chromosome. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ALVEOLAR CREST
ALVEOLAR CREST: The most coronal portion of the alveolar process. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ALVEOLUS
ALVEOLUS: The socket in the bone into which a tooth is attached by means of the periodontal ligament. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of a nerve trunk. #Pharmacology
ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA: BLOCK ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of a nerve trunk. #Pharmacology
ANESTHESIA: INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA: INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia of terminal nerves. #Pharmacology
ANGULAR CHEILITIS
ANGULAR CHEILITIS: An inflammatory lesion at the labial commissures or corners of the mouth. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
ANKYLOGLOSSIA
ANKYLOGLOSSIA: Partial or complete fusion of the tongue with the floor of the mouth or the lingual gingiva due to an abnormally short, mid-line lingual frenulum, resulting in restricted tongue movement. Also known as Tongue-tie. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
ANTRUM: MAXILLARY ANTRUM
ANTRUM: MAXILLARY ANTRUM: The air cavity in the body of the maxilla, lined with respiratory epithelium, that normally lies superior to the roots of the premolars and molars and generally extends from the canine or premolar region posterior to the molar or tuberosity …
APHTHA
APHTHA (plural APHTHAE): An ulcer of the oral mucous membrane occurring exclusively on movable tissue. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
APHTHA: HERPETIFORM APHTHA
HERPETIFORM APHTHA: Characterized by clusters of multiple, shallow ulcers throughout the oral cavity. Almost continuous in nature. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
APHTHA: MAJOR APHTHA
MAJOR APHTHA: Large, scarring, recurrent aphthae, which may last for weeks or months. Previously termed periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
APHTHA: MINOR APHTHA
MINOR APHTHA: The most common form of recurrent aphthae. Also known as a canker sore. Shallow, painful, non-scarring ulcers surrounded by an erythematous halo that are usually found on movable, non-keratinized oral mucosa. Also known as Canker Sores. #OralPatholo …
ARCHITECTURE: POSITIVE ARCHITECTURE
POSITIVE ARCHITECTURE: When the crest of the interdental gingiva or bone is located coronal to its midfacial midlingual margins. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ARCHITECTURE: REVERSE ARCHITECTURE
REVERSE ARCHITECTURE: When the crest of the interdental gingiva or bone is located apical to its midfacial and midlingual margins. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ATTACHMENT: ATTACHMENT APPARATUS
ATTACHMENT: ATTACHMENT APPARATUS: The cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ATTACHMENT: CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LEVEL
ATTACHMENT: CLINICAL ATTACHMENT LEVEL: The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the tip of a periodontal probe during periodontal diagnostic probing. The health of the attachment apparatus can affect the measurement. #EmbryologyandAnatomy
ATTACHMENT: NEW ATTACHMENT
ATTACHMENT: NEW ATTACHMENT: The union of connective tissue or epithelium with a root surface that has been deprived of its original attachment apparatus. This new attachment may be epithelial adhesion and/or connective adaptation or attachment and may include new cementum.
ATTACHMENT: RELATIVE ATTACHMENT LEVEL
ATTACHMENT: RELATIVE ATTACHMENT LEVEL: The distance from a fixed reference point on a tooth or stent to the tip of the periodontal probe during usual periodontal diagnostic probing. The health of the attachment apparatus can affect the measurement. See also ATTACHMENT: …
BIOLOGIC WIDTH
BIOLOGIC WIDTH: The dimension of soft tissue composed of a connective tissue and epithelial attachment extending from the crest of bone to the most apical extent of the pocket or sulcus. #DiagnosticTerminology
BONE: BUNDLE BONE
BONE: BUNDLE BONE: A type of alveolar bone, so-called because of the “bundle” pattern caused by the continuation of the principal (Sharpey’s) fibers into it. #BoneBiology
BONE: BUTTRESSING BONE
BONE: BUTTRESSING BONE: Excessive bone formation occurring on the marginal alveolar bone which is theorized to occur as a result of traumatogenic occlusion. #BoneBiology
CENTRIC PREMATURITY
CENTRIC PREMATURITY: An occlusal contact or interference that occurs before a balanced and stable jaw-to-jaw relationship is reached in centric occlusion or centric relation. #Occlusion
CENTRIC RANGE
CENTRIC RANGE : The physical distance that exists between centric relation and maximum intercuspation as viewed in the horizontal and sagittal planes. #Occlusion
CENTRIC RELATION
CENTRIC RELATION: 1. The most retruded physiologic relation of the mandible to the maxilla from which lateral movements can be made. Can exist at various degrees of jaw separation and occurs around the terminal hinge axis. 2. The most posterior relation. #Occlusi …
CHEMOTAXIS
CHEMOTAXIS: The migration of cells along a concentration gradient of an attractant. #Microbiology
CICATRIX
CICATRIX: The fibrous connective tissue that follows the healing of a wound; a scar. #SystemicPathology
CICATRIX
CICATRIX: The fibrous connective tissue that follows the healing of a wound; a scar. #SystemicPathology
COLLAGENASE
COLLAGENASE: A neutral metalloproteinase that catalyzes the degradation of collagen. #HistologyandCellularBiology
COMPLEMENT
COMPLEMENT : A group of serum proteins involved in the opsonization of microorganisms, attraction of phagocytes, increased blood flow and increased capillary permeability in sites of infection, and the lysis of cell membranes, gram negative bacteria and enveloped viuses. …
CORTICOTOMY
CORTICOTOMY: Any surgical cut in bone that involves the cortex, typically made in a horizontal or vertical orientation. Can be utilized to enhance bleeding sites. Also called decortication and utilized in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. #Surgica …
CROWN LENGTHENING
CROWN LENGTHENING: A surgical procedure designed to increase the extent of supragingival tooth structure, primarily for restorative purposes, by apically positioning the gingival margins with or without the removal of supporting bone. See also ANATOMICAL CROWN EXPOSURE. …
CURETTAGE
CURETTAGE: Scraping or cleaning the walls of a cavity or surface by means of a curet. #NonsurgicalTherapy
CYST
CYST: A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium and usually containing fluid or semisolid material. #SystemicPathology
CYST: KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
CYST: KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: Developmental odontogenic cyst of the dental lamina in which the epithelial cells produce keratin; known for its aggressive nature and high recurrence rate. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST
CYST: APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST: The most common odontogenic cyst; involving the apex of a root and resulting from the inflammatory reaction to a nonvital pulp. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
CYST: CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: An odontogenic cyst found most often in the mandibular canine and premolar region; has distinct microscopic features including basal epithelial cells that resemble ameloblasts. The single most distinct microscopic feature is …
CYST: DENTIGEROUS CYST
CYST: DENTIGEROUS CYST: Forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth or odontoma. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: GINGIVAL CYST
CYST: GINGIVAL CYST: Found within the gingiva, most commonly in the mandibular canine-premolar region. Believed to be derived from epithelial rests of the dental lamina. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: MUCOCELE
CYST: MUCOCELE: A cyst or cyst-like structure that contains mucous glycoproteins. A mucocele is an extraductal extravasation of mucus into surrounding stroma. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: ODONTOGENIC CYST
CYST: ODONTOGENIC CYST: A class of cysts derived from odontogenic epithelium, such as Primordial, dentigerous, and lateral periodontal cysts. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: PERIODONTAL CYST
PERIODONTAL CYST.: A developmental odontogenic epithelium lined cyst that occures along the lateral root surface of a vital tooth. Also known a Lateral Radicular Cyst or Lateral Periodontal Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: PRIMORDIAL CYST
CYST: PRIMORDIAL CYST: An odontogenic cyst resulting from degeneration of the enamel organ of a developing tooth bud. The VAST majority of all primordial cysts are Odontogenic Keratocysts upon histopathologic examination. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: RADICULAR CYST
CYST: RADICULAR CYST: A cyst along the root of a tooth. Also known as an Apical Periodontal Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: RANULA
CYST: RANULA: Forms in the floor of the mouth as a result of trauma or blockage of a salivary gland duct. It may be lined with epithelium. A ranula is mucus extravasation occurring in the floor of the mouth and usually associated with a sublingual gland. It is lined …
CYST: RESIDUAL CYST
CYST: RESIDUAL CYST: A cyst in the maxilla or mandible that remains after the associated tooth has been removed. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: RETENTION CYST
CYST: RETENTION CYST: Caused by retention of glandular secretion. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYST: SIMPLE BONE CYST
CYST: SIMPLE BONE CYST: Benign, empty or fluid-filled space within bone that is lacking an epithelial lining. Also known as Hemorrhagic Bone Cyst or Traumatic Bone Cyst. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
CYTOKINES
CYTOKINES: A large group of proteins or glycoproteins capable of regulating a wide variety of cellular functions during immune responses. Examples include tranforming growth factor, interferons, interleukins and tumor necrosis factors. #Immunology
EPITHELIUM: CREVICULAR EPITHELIUM
JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM: A unique squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium that forms the base of the gingival sulcus and adheres to both tooth and the underlying lamina propria the base of the gingival crevice. The cells of the junctional epithelium attach to these structures …
EPITHELIUM: JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
CREVICULAR EPITHELIUM: The non-keratinized epithelium that lines the inner aspect of the gingival crevice and is contiguous with the outer oral epithelium and the junctional epithelium. #HistologyandCellularBiology
EPITHELIUM: ORAL EPITHELIUM
ORAL EPITHELIUM: The epithelial lining of the oral mucosa which is a stratified squamous epithelium of varying degrees of keratinization. #HistologyandCellularBiology
EPULIS
EPULIS: A non-specific term for any tumor of the gIngiva. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
ERUPTION, DENTAL: ACTIVE ERUPTION
ERUPTION, DENTAL: ACTIVE ERUPTION: The process by which a tooth moves from its germinative position to its functional position in occlusion with the opposing arch. #DiagnosticTerminology
ERUPTION, DENTAL: PASSIVE ERUPTION
ERUPTION, DENTAL: PASSIVE ERUPTION: Tooth exposure secondary to apical migration of the gingival margin to a location at or slightly coronal to the cemento-enamel junction. #DiagnosticTerminology
ERYTHEMA: LINEAR GINGIVAL ERYTHEMA
LINEAR GINGIVAL ERYTHEMA: A gingival manifestation of immunosuppression characterized by a distinct linear erythematous band limited to the free gingiva. Linear gingival erythema has been shown to be a pattern of candidiasis. #OralPathologyandOralMedicine
GIngival fibers
FIBER: ALVEOGINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: ALVEOLAR CREST FIBER
FIBER: APICAL FIBER
FIBER: CIRCULAR FIBER
FIBER: DENTOGINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: DENTOPERIOSTEAL FIBER
FIBER: GINGIVAL FIBER
FIBER: HORIZONTAL FIBER
FIBER: INTERRADICULAR FIBER
FIBER: OBLIQUE FIBER
FIBER: PRINCIPAL FIBER
FIBER: TRANSSEPTAL FIBER
Fibrinous exudate
an abundance of fibrinogen resulting in subsequent fibrin formation at the site of injury
Hemorrhagic Exudate
an abundance of red blood cells in tissue or on tissue surfaces
Purulent Exudate
exudate with PMN Leukocytes, resulting in pus formation
FIbroblast
The predominant connective tissue cell, responsible in part for the production and remodeling of the ECM. Flattened and irregularly branched cell
Fibrosis
a fibrous chance of the mucous membranes, especially the gingiva, as a result of chronic inflammation. GIngiva may appear outwardly healthy, masking underlying disease
mucoperiosteal flap
a full thickness flap that includes the periosteum
Pedicle flap
any flap that is mobilized to a new location with the use of lateral incisions, yet retains its natural connection at the base to preserve its blood supply
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
a diffuse radiopaque lesion believed to represent a localized bony reaction to a low-grade infection of the pulp, usually at the apex of a tooth.
Fordyce Granules
sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa
Gingiva
the fibrous infesting tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth
Attached gingiva
the gingiva bound to the tooth from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction
Free gingiva
the part of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth and is not directly attached to the tooth surface.
Marginal gingiva
the terminal edge of the gingiva surrounding the tooth in collar-like fashion, usually about 1mm wide, forms a wall of the gingival crevice in health
Gingival enlargement
an overgrowth or increase in size of the gingiva
Gingival fibromatosis
idiopathic or familial progressive gingival enlargement
desquamative gingivitis
a non-specific term describing erythema and ulceration of the free and attached gingiva. It reflects diffuse inflammation of the gingiva with sloughing of the surface epithelium
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
an inflammatory disease of the gingiva which reflects an impaired host response with signs and symptosm including pain, interdental papillary necrosis, and a tendency toward spontaneous bleeding. Occasionally a pseudomembrane forms over the necrotic, ulcerated gingiva. Predisposing factors are stress, poor OH, malnutrition, smoking and immunodeficiencies.
Gingivostomatitis
inflammation affecting both the gingiva and the oral mucosa
Glossalgia
pain associated with the tongue
Glossodynia
painful or burning tongue
Granulation tissue
Healing tissue that forms in response to any injury or surgical insult of soft tissue and consists of fibroblasts, capillary buds, inflammatory cells, and edema
Granuloma
a reactive nodule consisting of modified macrophages resembling epithelial cells surrounded by a rim of mononucler cells, usually lymphocytes, often containing giant cells
Central giant cell granuloma
a lytic lesion displaying loose fibrillar connective tissue, numerous capillaries, and multinuclear giant cells
Peripheral giant cell granuloma
A reactive proliferation of osteoclasts arising from the periosteum or superficial periodontal ligament, possibly in response to a local irritation or trauma
Guided bone regeneration
A surgical procedure with the goal of augmenting bone volume in edentulous or peri-implant areas using a barrier membrane, often in conjunction with bone grafting materials or biologics
Primary intention healing
where incised tissue edges are held in close approximation until union occurs
Secondary intention healing
Wound closure where the wound edges remain separated and the wound heals form the base and sides via formation of granulation tissue.
Tertiary intention healing
delayed primary closure, where when there is a large infection the wound is left open several days following tissue injury.
Hemidesmosome
an ultrasctuctural feature found on teh basal surface of some epithelial cells forming hte site of attachment between the basal surface and the basement membrane
Hertwigs epithelial root sheath
an extension of the enamel organ. Determines the shape of the roots and initiates dentin formation during tooth development. Its remnants persist as epithelial rests of Mallasez in the PDL.
Hyperplasia
an increase in the size of a structure due to an increase in the number of cells
Hypoplasia
defective or incomplete development
External Bevel Incision
a resective incision angled in an apical-to-coronal direction which is intended to reduce the thickness of amount of mucogingival tissue and allow for healing by secondary intention, usually during gingivectomy or gingivoplasty
Internal bevel incision
An acute or oblique surgical incision angled toward the tooth surface in a coronal to apical direction to reduce the thickness or amount of mucogingival tissue.
Biointegration
A bonding of living bone to the surface of an implant which is independent of any mechanical interlocking mechanism
fibro-osseous integration
the interposition of healthy dense collagenous tissue between implant and bone
Integrins
in the family of cellular adhesion molecules that act as specialized receptors that mediate the interactions between basal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix
Keratins
30 proteins that form intermediate filaments of the epithelial cell cytoskeleton
keratosis
any keratinous growth, such as a wart or callus
labioversion
any deviation of the dental arch toward the lip
Lamina Dura
a thin layer of compact bone formign the wall of hte tooth alveolus
Lamina Propria
in a mucous membrane the connective tissue layer just beneath the epithelium and the basement membrane
Lysosomes
intracellular cytoplasmic vessicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes, especially prominant in phagocytic cells such as PMNs and macrophages
Lysozyme
a low molecular weight enzyme present in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions that functions as an antibacterial hydrolase in susceptible bacteria
Matrix Metalloproteinases
a group of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix, such as collagen. These proteinases play a central role in normal tissue remodeling as well as inflammation
Melanin
a dark, amorphous pigment of the skin, hair, various tumors, the choroid coat of the eye, and substantia nigra of the brain.
morbidity
the condition of being diseased
alveolar mucosa
mucosa covering the basal part o the alveolar process and continuing into the vestibular forinx and the floor of the mouth. It is loosely attached to the periosteum and is movable
masticatory mucosa
the gingiva and ht emucosal covering of the hard palate
Oral mucosa
the tissue lining the oral cavity
mucositis
inflammation of a mucous membrane
NEvus
a pigmented or non-pigmented lesion on the skin or mucosa, which may undergo malignant transformation. A birthmark, a circumscribed malformation of the skin, especially if colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity.
Nikolsky’s Sign
when the superficial layer of skin may be rubbed off with slight trauma, originally associated with pemphigus vulgaris, but also seen in several bullous conditions
Occlusal Trauma
injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus due to physiologic or parafunctional forces which may exceed its adaptive capacity
odontoma
a developmental anomaly consisting of a calcified mass of enamel, dentin, and cementum that may or may not resemble a tooth
Oligodontia
A subdivision of hypodontia that demonstrates lack of development of six or more teeth
Oncogene
a gene controlling cellular proliferation which altered through mutation or included in viral genome can promote neoplastic transformation of normal cells
Opsonin
a substance capable of enhancing phagocytosis (antibody, compliment, etc)
Osseous Dysplasia
a benign fobro-osseous lesion in which periapical bone of vital teth is repalced first by a fibrous type of connective tissue, then by an osseocementoid tissue. this begins radiolucent then becomes radiopaque over time.
Ostectomy
removal of alveolar bone proper (tooth supporting bone) in osseous resective and/or crown lengthening surgery, often to establish a positive bony architecture
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone in the Haversian spaces, cannals, and their branches
Osteogenic
any tissue or substance with the potential to induce growth or repair of bone
Also the quality of an autogenous graft which enables it to lead to bone formation via the transplant of viable osteoblasts within the graft.
Osteoinductive
The quality of biologic adjunct, growth factor, or graft material which leads to differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts; this potential is often achieved via release of bone inductive proteins from the material
Overdenture
complete or partial removable denture supported by soft tissue and retained roots or implants to provide support, retention, stability, and reduce ridge resorption
Overgrowth
excessive enlargement of a part, usually an organ or tissue, due to an increase in size of the constituent cells (hypertrophy) or number of constituent cells (hyperplasia) or both
pancytopenia
a pronounced reduction in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
filiform papilla
numerous conocal keratinized projections covering most of the dorsum of the tongue. These papillae are mechanical and are not involved in gustation
foliate papilla
a series of parallel mucosal projections containing taste buds. They are located on the lateral margins of the tongue just anterior to the palatoglossal fold.
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome
a syndrome caused by a defect in the gene for cathepsin C which leads to hyperkeratosis with severe periodontal destruction in the primary and permanent dentition
parenteral administration
a technique of administration in which the drug bypasses the GI tract (such as IM, IV, SM, SC, IO)
paroxysm
a sharp spasm or convulsion
PASS principle
a principle of successful regenerative procedures (GBR or GTR) which stands for primary wound closure, Angiogenesis, Space maintenance, and stability of the blood clot
Passivity
The property of the oxidised surface on the metal of an implant that allows it to not break down under physiological conditions
Pathogenesis
the mechanism by which a disease starts and progresses
Pedicle
Graft tissue that remains attached to the donor site to maintain blood supply
Pemphigoid
A chronic vesiculobullous autoimmune disorder that primarly affects the mucosa in older femals; characterized by a sub-basalar separation of epithelium from connective tissue; almost all cases have an oral involvement with the gingiva being most favored site
Pemphigus
a group of autoimmune bullous diseases (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, and pemphigus erythematosus) that affect skin and mucous membranes primarily between the fourth and sixth decades of life, characterized by acantholysis and intraepithelial blistering; untreated, the mortality rate of these diseases ranges from 70-100%
Peptidoglycan
Major structural component in bacterial cell walls, thicker in gram positive than gram negative bacteria. Synthesis is inhibited by beta-lactam antibiotics
Peri-implant mucositis
a disease inwhich the presence of inflammation is confined to hte mucosa surrounding a dental implant wiht no signs of loss of supporting bone
peri-implantitis
an inflammatory process around an implant which includes both soft tissue inflammation and loss of supporting bone
Periodontal disease
The pathologic process affecting the periodontium, most often gingivitis and periodontitis
Pseudopocket
a deepening of the gingival crevice resulting primarily from an increase in bulk of the gingiva without apical migration of the junctional epithelium or destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Refractory Peirodontitis
a condition in which one or more forms of periodontitis are unresponsive to treatment despite excellent patient compliance and delivery of periodontal therapy that ordinarily is successful in arresting the progression of periodontitis
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
Gingival growth which arises form the periosteum or superficial periodontal ligament and may be pedunculated or sessile
Petechiae
hemorrhagic spots of pinpoint to pinhead size in the skin or mucous membrane
Pharmacodynamics
the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and its action of mechanism in the body. Also includes the effects on actions of other drugs
Pharmacokinetics
the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of druvs
Plasma cell
An antibody producing B lymphocyte that has reached the end of its differentiation pathway
Plasmid
a circular DNA molecule that is maintained separately from the cell’s chromosomal DNA and is capable of replicating itself. Plasmids are found mainly in bacteria and also in some eukaryotes, and may encode genes for antibiotic resistance.
positive predictive value
The proportion of positive responses to a diagnostic test for disease who actually have the disease. Calculated by the true positive responses divided by the sum of true positive and false positive responses
Prodrome
a premonitory symptom of disease, that indicates the onset of a disease
Progenitor cell
an undifferentiated cell that gives rise to one or more types of more specialized cells
Prostaglandins
a group of fatty acid compounds derived from arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase pathway that are potent regulators of a variety of biological processes; aspirin and ibuprofen are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase
Proteoglycans
Extracellular and cell surface macromolecules that cunction in cell adhesion, growth, and organization of the extracellular matrix
Pseudomembrane
a falsemembrane, usually consisting of necrotic epithelium and debris, as seen in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis
pyogenic
a pus-producing substance or agent
Regeneration
reproduction or reconstitution of an injured tissue similar or identical to its original form
Guided tissue regeneration
a surgical procedure with the goal of achieving new bone, cementum, and PDL attachment to a periodontally diseased tooth using barrier devices or membranes to provide space maintenance, epithelial exclusion, and wound stabilization.
bone resorption
bone loss due to osteoclastic activity
Repair
healing of a wound by tissue that does not fully restore the architecture or function of the original part.
Cavernous bone resorption
bone loss of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible due to osteoclastic activity, either physiologically or pathologically, resulting in hollow spaces within the maxilla and/or mandible
Risk determinant
a risk factor that cannot be modified (genetics, age)
Risk Factor
Environmental, behavioral, or biologic cavtors that increase the liklihood of developing disease, identified through longitudinal studies and confirmed to be present before the onset of disease (smoking, diabetes, pathogenic bacteria)
scar
fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues destroyed by injury or disease
statistical sensitivity
the ability of a diagnostic test to detect a disease when present in a diseased population. Calculated by true positives divided by the sum of true positives plus false negatives.
sessile
having a broad base of attachment, not pedunculated
Socket Seal
a minimally invasive form of ridge augmentation in which soft tissue autograft is used to cover an augmented socket, commonly used for esthetic and functional pontic site development
Statistical specificity
the ability of a diagnostic test to detect the absence of disease in a healthy population. Calculated by true negatives divided by the sum of true negatives plus false positives
Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of a duct, canal, or vessel
Stillmans cleft
an epithelial invagination which manifests as an epithelial lined split in the gingiva
transmucosal
that portion of the oral implant system that passes through the mucosa
VESICLE
an elevation of the skin or mucous membrane containing a watery fluid and less than 5mm in diameter
