Definitions Flashcards

Question

Synechdoche

Answer 1

a metonymy but a part stands for the whole - Sail -> ship - Motor -> car - Hands -> workers

Answer 2

comparison that is shown by the use of "like", "as",... - Thou art like a toad, ugly and venomous."

Answer 3

Intra textual lvl = Characters & story (fictive speaker, lyric persona -> subject matter of speech -> fictive addressee) Extra textual lvl = Narrative Transmission (real-author; real-reader)

Answer 4

fictive speaker in the text (not the real author)

Answer 5

fictive addressee in the text (not the real reader)

Answer 6

Explicit: direct, fully stated, clearly perceptible, feelings and thoughts -> ouvert Implicit: hidden, indirect, does not appear as an indfividualized lyric persona -> covert

Answer 7

English: Shakespeare - 3 quatrains 1 couplet - abab cdcd gg - volta before climax in couplet Italian: Petrach - 1 octave a sestet - abba abba cdccdc - colta after octave => two typical features of a sonnett: 14 lines Subject: love, beauty

Answer 8

turn of thought within a sonnett/poem

Answer 9

Plot = squence of events + cause (causality) Story = sequence of events (chronology) Examples: plot: "the king died and then the queen died of grief" story: "the king died."

Answer 10

- smallest unit of story/plot - are actions that change a given situation in the story - peoples action forward brings about change - not always equally important

Answer 11

story time: time it takes to narrate (time that passes in the story) discourse time: time covered by the narrated event (time that it takes me to read the story)

Answer 12

3 aspects: duration, order, frequency

Answer 13

story time = st / discourse time = dt Summary: dt < st Scene: dt = st Stretch: dt > st Elipsis: no dt vs. only st pause: only dt. vs. no st

Answer 14

chronological vs. anachronological - flash back - flash forward

Answer 15

Singulative: event happens once Repetitive: Event happens once, but is referred to various times Herative = Event happens multiple times

Answer 16

- external vs. internal - Narrator vs. Character

Answer 17

Showing (mimesis): little or no narrational mediation, overtness or presence (no narrator) Telling (diegesis): Narrator in overt control of action presentation

Answer 18

mimetic - direct discourse - free indirect discourse - indirect discourse - report/summary - comment diegetic

Answer 19

'purely' mimetic - free direct discourse - direct discourse - free indirect discourse - indirect discourse - diegetic summary 'purely' diegetic

Answer 20

Direct Discourse: "She said, "I love Literary Studies" Indirect Discourse: She said that she loved Literary Studies. Free Indirect Discourse: She loved Literary Studies.

Answer 21

- 1st person - Authorial - Figural

Answer 22

- involved in the story - "narrating I"/"experiencing I" - involved as protagonist (I-as-protagonist) or peripheral character (I-as-witness) - narrative situation: limited -> no insight into the thoughts/feelings of the other characters

Answer 23

- situated outside the world of characters (god-like view) - present themselves as fictive individuals (by comments, moral judgements, etc. on events) - typical features: flashforwards, generalisations - narrative situation: unlimited -> omniscience (insight into the internal processes of all characters and familiarity with their thoughts and feelings -> omnipresence (invisible and fictive presence in all places where characters are alone, as well as presence in several locations at the same time) -> able to see the entire course of narrative events in the past, present and future

Answer 24

- generally recedes so far, that the narrative transmissions are barely noticable - narrated world is presented from the perspective of a character who is involved in the action -> 'reflector' - gives the reader the impression of having a direct insight into the thoughts and feelings of characters - internal perspective -> doesn't have the ability to see the entire course of events (like authorial narrator)

Answer 25

narrative voice: Who speaks? extradiegetic: first level narrator intradiegetic: no first level narrator (diegetic: telling extra: outside intra: inside) heterodiegetic: narrator is not part of the story autodiegetic: narrator is part of the story and protagonist homodiegetic: narrator part of the story but not protagonist (hetero: different auto: self homo: same) -> two terms needed to analyse the narrative voice

Answer 26

Focalization: who sees? -> can change within a story internal: observer knows as much as character(s) external: observer knows less than character(s)

Answer 27

unity of plot length/time totality of Tone limitation of place => unity of effect

Answer 28

- choose desired impression - pick a climax - consider length, tone - pick a place - determine necessary events => unity of effect

Answer 29

1564-1616 - most important/popular author

Answer 30

most popular: - comedy - tragedy - history

Answer 31

- happy end - mostly ends in marriage

Answer 32

- sad/bad end - mostly ends in death

Answer 33

- not really popular

Answer 34

- complicated to put into one genre -> it is a play about history and historical characters -> but in a book it is called "The tragedy of Richard III"

Answer 35

Author <-> Dramatic text <-> Reader Theatre/Apparatus <-> Performance Text <-> Audience

Answer 36

- extra-textual Level of Communication: empirical author -> empirical reader - intra-textual level of communication I + II: Internal Communication System: character communication

Answer 37

- through Dramtic Text (primary and secondary) and Theatrical Text - Plurimediality primary: what actors say on stage secondary: everything that's not spoken, helps organise the play

Answer 38

- usage of a lot of different medias/codes

Answer 39

a character who is not part of the play is introduced to the audience

Answer 40

character talks directly to the audience "breaks" the fourth wall between external and internal communication

Answer 41

Channel: visual or acoustical Code: verbal or non-verbal Sender: Character or stage acoustical & verbal -> linguistic or paralinguistic -> Character or stage

Answer 42

Theatre/Acting Company: commissions the writer Writer: writes the Foul Papers, then reviews these and makes a fair copy Foul Paper/Fair Copy: given to Master of Revels Master of Revels: censors the Performance (decides if it'll be played/printed) Theatre/Acting Company: performs the Play OR Printer: prints the play/text as Quarto or Folio

Answer 43

- Dialogical Speech - Monological Speech -> Monologue -> Soliloguy - Asides -> Monological Aside -> Aside ad spectatores -> Dialogical Aside

Answer 44

two ore more characters talking to each other

Answer 45

character talks for an extended amount of time, alone - Monologue: character is NOT alone on the stage, other characters are there - Soliloguy: character is alone on stage

Answer 46

character breaks out (i.e. to the audience) - Monological aside - Aside ad spectatores - Dialogical aside (talks to one character and suddenly breaks out to talk to another [without the first character hearing him]) -> the character he originally talks to, doesnt hear him

Answer 47

- superior audience awareness (dramatic irony -> the reader/audience knows way more than most of the characters) - inferior audience awareness

Answer 48

- static vs. dynamic - one-dimensional vs. multidimensional

Answer 49

static: character stays the same the whole time dynamiic: characters views, etc. change/develop over time

Answer 50

one-dimensional: there's not much to the character multidimensional: the character is more complex

Answer 51

- Figural (explicit) Character communication - Figural (implicit) character's presence - Authorial

Answer 52

Self Commentary - Monologue or - Dialogue Commentary by Others - Monologue -> before 1st appearance -> after 1st appearance - Dialogue -> in praesentia -> in absentia

Answer 53

- non-verbal Characterisation -> stature, facial expressions, mask, costume, setting - Verbal Characterisation -> voice, rhetoric, register (dialect, jargon,...)

Answer 54

- Explicit -> Paratexts, Speaking names (Names with a meanign, ex.: Severus **Snape** -> Snape - Snake Symbol of Slytherin) - Implicit -> Contrasts and Parallels in the Configuration (i.e. form of texts) --> high class characters speak in verses (Gedichtsform), low class characters speak in prose (Blockabsatz)

Answer 55

- transmission of information to do with the events and situations from the past that determine the dramatic present -> referential function (mostly related to the context of a message)

Answer 56

- used to simulate the audience's attention and to attune it to the fictional world of the drama -> phatic function -> example: a chorus (not part of the play) introduces the fictional world

Answer 57

isolated: not part of the play/Characters integrated: a character of the play

Answer 58

monological: character(person talks alone dialogical: character/person talks with someone else

Answer 59

1. Act: Exposition 2. Act: Rising Action (complication) 3. Act: Climax and peripeteia (reversal) 4. Act: Falling Action (unravelling/untying) 5. Act: catastrophe or denoument

Answer 60

- Unity of Action - Unity of Time - Unity of Place => not all plays stick to these unities

Answer 61

- every part is important to the outcome and effect of the play

Answer 62

- a play can't cover more than a day

Answer 63

- idealy only one place -> you can't switch between several places during a play

Answer 64

- usually has a tragic hero -> a man whose character is generally good, whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity but by some error

Answer 65

- hubris - hamartia - peripeteia - anagnorisis - catharis

Answer 66

- refers to the tragic hero at the beginning of the play -> over-confident

Answer 67

- translates to: tragic flaws -> hero has some 'mistakes'

Answer 68

- at some point of the play there's a reversal of fortune

Answer 69

- change from ignorance to knowledge of own downfall

Answer 70

- when reading a Tragedy we experience pity and fear -> through thi: purification of these emotions

Definitions Flashcards

(94 cards)