Definitions

Question 1

Simple Subject

Answer 1

An individual noun or noun substitute, can be singluar or plural. EX, The student studies for his test. The students study for their test. Student, Student is the subject

Question 2

Active Voice

Answer 2

The subject does what the verb describes. EX. Mark kicked the ball.

Question 3

Passive Voice

Answer 3

The action is done to the subject. EX. The ball was kicked by Mark.

Question 4

Compound Subject

Answer 4

When two or more words tell what the sentence is about. EX. Dogs and cats are fun to play with. The car and truck were on display. Dogs, cats & Car, truck are the compound subject.

Question 5

Unstated Subject

Answer 5

Sometimes it does not apprear in a sentence but is understood. This occurs in commands and requests. The understood is always you meaning either someone specific or anyone in general. EX. Command: Move away from the fire. Unstated Sub: (You) move away from the fire. Request: Help me open the jar, please. Unstated Sub: (You) help me open the jar, please.

Question 6

Verb

Answer 6

Tells what the subject is doing or what is happening. Matches the subject in singular or plural. Must have one to complete a sentence. EX. The students study for their tests. Verb = study

Question 7

Action Verb

Answer 7

Tells what the subject is doing. EX. breathe, remember, restate, sigh, cry, decrease, write, pant, skip, ski, stare, flip. The lobsters scurry across the ocean floor.

Question 8

Object of the Action Verb

Answer 8

Can have a noun that receives the action. The mechanic fixed the car in record time. EX. To find the object fixed, ask the question “fixed what?” The car (Verb)

Question 9

Linking Verb or State-of-Being Verb

Answer 9

Connects the subject to other words in sentence that say something about it. They do not show action, they say something “is” a particular way. Most common; am, are, is, was, were. EX. The water is in the gutter. Linking Verb = is The woman remaind happy with her job. Linking Verb = remained This house smells like flowers. Linking Verb = smells

Question 10

Compound Verbs

Answer 10

sometimes a subject can have more than one verb. Can also have a compound Subject as well. EX. He laughs when he’s happy and cries when he’s sad. Compound Verb = laughs, cries Men and women avoided the crowds and dashed to their cars. Compound Verb = Avoided, dashed Compound Subject = Men, women

Question 11

Complete Verbs or Helping Verbs

Answer 11

The action or linking verb in a sentence needs help to convey it’s meaning. Add info, such as when an action took place. EX. You should not go outside today. Complete Verb = (helping) should,(main Verb) go

Question 12

The demonstrative pronouns are

Answer 12

this, that, these, those.

Question 13

The pronouns that and which generally refer to?

Answer 13

things and animals.

Question 14

Antecedent

Answer 14

Is the word or phrase to which a pronoun refers.

Question 15

Reflexive Pronoun

Answer 15

Is a pronoun that explains that the subject of the sentence did the action alone.

Question 16

Objective Pronoun

Answer 16

It is a pronoun that is the object of a verb or preposition.

Question 17

Relative Pronoun

Answer 17

It is a pronoun that introduces a dependent clause.

Question 18

Subjective Pronoun

Answer 18

It is a pronoun that functions as the subject of a sentence or clause.

Question 19

Possessive Pronoun

Answer 19

Is a pronoun that shows ownership.

Question 20

Demonstrative Pronoun

Answer 20

It is a pronoun that points to a specific people or objects that are nearby or far away.

Question 21

Pronoun

Answer 21

Is a word that takes the place of a noun or noun phrase.

Question 22

Things or People

Answer 22

The role of demonstrative pronouns, such as this, that, these, and those, is to point out….

Question 23

The pronouns who and whom refer to…

Answer 23

Persons

Question 24

Plural Indefinite Pronoun

Answer 24

There were several people at the party, but many left before midnight.

Question 25

Change Passive Voice to Active Voice

Answer 25

Change Passive Voice to Active Voice

When a sentence is written, it can either be written in active voice or passive voice.

Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. For example: Tom changed the flat tire.
Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb. For example: The tire was changed by Tom.
In most cases, writing sentences in passive voice is discouraged because it can obscure the subject of the sentence, and confuse the reader. It also usually creates a wordy and awkward sentence construction.

Defining Passive Voice
Every sentence contains, at minimum, a subject and an action. The subject is the person or thing the sentence is about, and the action is what the subject is doing.

When a sentence is in active voice, the subject is doing the action and the subject typically comes before the action in the sentence. For example:

I swim. I is the subject. Swim is the action. The subject doing the action comes before the action, so it is immediately clear to the reader who is doing what.
When a sentence is in passive voice, the subject is being acted on by the verb and the subject typically comes after the action. For example:

Swimming is something I do. Here, the action is swimming. The subject is I. The sentence is in passive voice, since the person doing the action (I) is not mentioned until after the action
Some sentences also contain objects - the thing being acted upon. This can make it more difficult to determine whether the sentence is in passive voice. For example, here is a sentence in active voice:

Anna hits the ball. Anna is the subject. Hits is the action. The ball is the object.
That same sentence in passive voice reads:

The ball is hit by Anna.
The ball is the object - not the subject of the sentence. The ball is not doing an action. Therefore, it should be after the subject (Anna)

Question 26

Point of View

Point of view refers to whether a statement is made in the first person, the second person, or the third person. Each person—or point of view—requires different pronouns. The following chart lists the pronouns for each point of view.

Answer 26

Point of View

First Person:

I, we

Second Person:

you, your

Third Person:

he, she, it, they

If you begin writing from one point of view, you should stay in that point of view. Do not shift to another point of view. For example, if you start out writing “I,” you should continue with “I” and not change to “you. “

Question 27

Broad Pronouns such as they or them should not be used to refer to ideas; they should refer to specific words.

Answer 27

Incorrect: When I went to the bank, they told me that my account was overdrawn.

Correct: When I went to the bank, a teller told me that my account was overdrawn.

Question 28

What is process?

Answer 28

Explains how to do something, 2 types (Informational & Directional

Question 29

What is Directional Process?

Answer 29

When you describe how something happens or is done, “you” is understood, clear, specific directions.

EX: You need a good paintbrush to get started.

   Begin by making a list. ("You" is implied)

Question 30

Informational Process

Answer 30

Describe how something happens or is done, explain how without telling how. Not speaking directly to reader, speaks about “I,” “he,” “she,” “we,” “they,” or person by his or her name.

EX: Chip needed a good paintbrush to get started.

   First, *I* can make a list.

Question 31

A Process Involves Time Order

What is Time Order?

Answer 31

Whether the process is directional or informational it has to be described in steps that are in a specfic order. These steps MUST FOLLOW A CERTAIN ORDER, not just a range of activities that can be placed in any order.

Question 32

This Sentence Signals a Process

Answer 32

Learning to search the internet is easy if you follow a few simple directions. (Using the Internet involves following steps in order; that is, you cannot search before you turn on the computer.)

Question 33

This Sentence Does Not Signal a Process

Answer 33

There are several ways to get a person to like you. (Each way is separate; there is no time sequence here.)

Question 35

Shift in Person

Answer 35

One problem in writing a process is shifting from describing how somebody did something to telling the reader how to do something. when that happens it’s called a Shift in Person.

Shift Corrected: After I preheat the oven to 350 degrees, I mix the egg whites and sugar with an electric mixer set at high speed. Mix until stiff peaks form. Then* I* put the mixture in small mounds on an ungreaed cookie sheet. (“Mix until still peaks form” is a shift to the“you”** person.)

Shift Corrected: After I preheat the oven to 350 degrees, I mix the egg whites with an electric mixer set at high speed. I mix until stiff peaks form. Then I put the mixture in small mounds on an ungreased cookie sheet.

Shift in Person: A Salesperson has to be very careful when a customer tries on clothes. The clerk can’t hint that a suit may be a size too small. You can’t insult a customer with a hint like that. (The sentences shifted from “salesperson” and “clerk” to “you”

Shift Corrected: A salesperson has to be very careful when customers try on clothes. The clerk can’t hint that a suit may ge a size too small. He or she can insuult a customer witha hint like that.

Question 36

Prepositions

Answer 36

Prepositions are words that show concepts such as time, place, direction, and manner.

Ex. Look for the Table of Contents on page 5.

Question 37

Interjection

Answer 37

a word (for example, wow) that express strong emotion, surprise, or disappointment. An interjection is usually followed by an exclamation point or a comma.

Question 38

Indefinite Pronoun

Answer 38

Refers to people or things whose identities are not known or are unimportant.

Question 39

Parallelism

Answer 39

The balance in a sentence. When you include two or three (or more) related ideas, examples, or details in one sentence. If If you express them in parallel structure they will sound clearer and more convincing.

Remember Rule: Similar points get a similar structure.

EX: Not Parallel: Of all the sports I’ve played, I prefer tennis, handball, and playing golf.

Parallel: Of all the sports I’ve played, I prefer tennis, handball, and golf. (the three words are parallel.)