Definitions

Question 1

Eudaimonia

Answer 1

1. The gods look favourably upon you (good household spirits), human flourishing
2. Aristotle

Question 2

Hedonism

Answer 2

1. Realization of pleasure and the avoidance of pain
2. example: always making the choice to avoid pain and pursue pleasure by never having a favorite foods because you will eventually want it and feel pain because you can’t have it

Question 3

Difference Principle

Answer 3

1. social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so they are both reasonably expected to be everyone’s advantage and attached to positions and offices open to all
2. by Rawls as one of the theories of the original position

Question 4

Interdependence

Answer 4

1. we need other people to survive, as humans we share mutual vulnerabilities
2. Example of a punishment being exile because we need other people

Question 5

Situationism

Answer 5

1. moral judgement is product of various external situations

2. example is making the decision to drive a car or take public transit will be different based on the situation

Question 6

Natural Law

Answer 6

1. human nature itself shows that certain actions are morally wrong or right
2. basic human rights such as for food and health

Question 7

Courage

Answer 7

1. One virtue based on the character trait fear and how you deal with it
2. vices are rashness (excess and unconstrained by fear) and cowardice (deficit being affected by fear too much)

Question 8

Crisis Epistemology

Answer 8

1. interpret various social situations using crisis language
2. author - Whyte

Question 9

Descriptive Relativism

Answer 9

1. How values differed across time and culture

2. Cultural differences with the value of family

Question 10

Corrective Justice

Answer 10

1. a remedy to a past injustice in the present context of society
2. Example - someone who stole from a store going back to that store to make it better through helping that community

Question 11

Euthyphro Problem

Answer 11

1. are actions just because the gods approve of them or do the gods approve of them because they are just?
2. Example of murder - is it unjust because it is or because the gods deem them to be unjust

Question 12

Trolley Problem

Answer 12

1. Switching a lever to kill 1 person or not switching it to kill 5 people
   2.

Question 13

Technocracy

Answer 13

1. society is rule by experts

2. opposite is democracy in which society is rule by the people

Question 14

Dual Process Theory

Answer 14

1.cognitive process can occur with implicit or explicit tracks
2.

Question 15

Original Position

Answer 15

1. principles of justice (equality and difference principle), decide what government is going to look like, imagine that we don’t know anything about ourselves
2. by rawls, example: how to divide a cake equally

Question 16

Virtue Ethics

Answer 16

1. system to understand the nature of morality through character traits
2. Example of character traits being courage, generosity, temperance, wittiness

Question 17

Duty Ethics

Answer 17

1. • knowing right and wrong through intentions
   • are we motivated through a sense of duty
   2.

Question 18

Utilitarianism

Answer 18

1. what we care about is the consequences of our actions and maximizing happiness
2. Example: Choosing to visit your grandma compared to robbing a bank because your actions are maximizing overall happiness

Question 19

Ethics of Care

Answer 19

1. recognize/argue that we a fundamentally interdependent (we need others)
   • mental health and physical wellbeing is dependent on interactions with other people