Definitions Flashcards
Random Error
when the
measured readings are
scattered about the true reading
with no fixed pattern
Systematic Error
when the
measured readings are
consistently larger
or consistently smaller
than the true reading
Accuracy
how close the measured reading is
to the true value
Precision of a set of readings
how close the measured readings are
to each other
Precision of an instrument
the size of the smallest division
scalar quantity
a physical quantity that has magnitude only
vector quantity
a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
Displacement
[magnitude] minimum straight line distance between start and endpoints
[direction] in that direction
Distance
length of actual path followed
Velocity
rate of change of displacement
Speed
rate of change of distance
Acceleration
rate of change of velocity
[TESTED]** Newton’s First Law of Motion **[2020]
Newton’s First Law of Motion states that
an object continues at rest or
with constant velocity
unless acted upon by an external resultant force
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that
the rate of change of momentum of a body is
[magnitude] directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it
[direction] and in the direction of the resultant force
Fnet α dp/dt
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that
when body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts on body A a force of
the same type that is
equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction.
Mass of a body
property of a body which resists change in motion
Weight of a body
force acting on the body due to a gravitational field
Linear Momentum
product of its mass and velocity
p = mv
Force
rate of change of momentum
F = dp/dt
Impulse
product of resultant force and
time duration of impact
∆p = Fnet ∆t
The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum states that
the total linear momentum of an
isolated system of interacting bodies
before and after collision remains constant
if no net external force acts on the system
Perfectly elastic collisions (distinguishing property)
total kinetic energy of the system of bodies
before and after collision remains the same
[TESTED]** Inelastic collisions (distinguishing property) **[2020]
total kinetic energy of system of bodies
after collision is less than before
[TESTED]** Perfectly inelastic collisions (distinguishing property) **[2020]
masses stick together and
move off with same velocity after collision