Definitions

Question 1

Define hydronephrosis

Answer 1

Swelling / dilation of renal pelvis and calyces in kidney due to obstruction of urinary tract, leading to back-pressure into the kidneys (anti grade flow obstruction)

Question 2

How do ECOG performance status grading?

Answer 2

• Grade 0: fully active, able to carry on all pre -diseaseperformance without restriction
. Grade 1: restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out light work
. Grade 2: ambulatory and capable of self care but unable to carry out any work activities, up and about more than 50% of day
• grade 3: limited self care, confined to bed or chair >50% of day
• grade 4: completely disabled, no self care, totally confined to bed or chair
• grade 5: dead.