Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Must Knows > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Principle of the Mass Spectrometer

A

To separate and deflect
Positively charged Ions
According to their atomic masses
When moving in a magnetic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Energy Level

A

Orbital which electrons of equal energy can occupy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Visible Lines in Hydrogen Emission Spectrum

A

Balmer Series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomic Radius

A

Half the distance between the two nuclei of atoms of the same element in a single covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First Ionisation Energy

A

The minimum energy required
To completely remove
The most loosely bound electron
Of a neutral gaseous atom
In it’s ground state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electronegativity

A

The relative force of attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isotopes Definition

A

Atoms of the same element which differ by atomic mass (number of neutrons in nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Radio Isotope Definition

A

Isotope atom with an unstable nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Half-Life

A

Time taken for half of the sample to decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to an atom after alpha decay

A

Looses a ‘He’ atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Radioactivity

A

Spontaneous decay of a nucleus, releasing radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mole / Avogadro’s Constant

A

A mole of a substance is the amount of a substance that contains 6x10^23 particles of that substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

A state of chemical balance where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dynamic Reaction

A

A reaction where the forward and backwards reactions are both occurring continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

If a reaction at equilibrium is put under stress, the equilibrium will shift to relieve the stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have equal number of moles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Charles’s Law

A

For a gas of a definite mass, at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

For a gas of a definite mass at a constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of any gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Values

A

In a reaction between gases the volumes of the reacting gases and the volumes of any gaseous products are in the ratio of small whole numbers provided the volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kinetic Theory of (Ideal) Gases

A
  1. Volume is negligible compared to space it occupies
  2. No attractive or repulsive forces between particles
  3. Particles are in constant random motion and are constantly hitting walls of container and themselves
  4. Average kinetic energy of the particles is or optional to Kelvin temperature
  5. All collisions are perfectly elastic
21
Q

Real Gas vs Ideal Gas

A

Molecules have volume, when gas it at high pressure / low volume it is not ok to say volume is negligible

Intermolecular forces are present

Collisions are not perfectly elastic

22
Q

Ideal Gas

A

An ideal gas is one which obeys all the gas laws under all conditions of temperature and pressure

23
Q

When do real gases behave most like ideal gases?

A

High Temperatures

Low Pressures / High Volumes

24
Q

Arrhenius Acids / Bases

A

Dissociates in water to form H+ / OH-

25
Q

What are Cathode Rays

A

Streams of negatively charged particles called electrons that travel in a straight line from the cathode to the anode

26
Q

What is an energy level

A

The fixed energy value that an electron in an atom may have

27
Q

What is an atoms ground state

A

The state in which the electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels

28
Q

What is an atoms excited state

A

When the electrons occupy higher energy levels than those available in the ground state

29
Q

Heisenburgs Uncertainty Principle

A

It is impossible to detect both the position and then velocity of an electron in an atomic orbital at any one time

30
Q

What is a sub level

A

A subdivision of a main energy level and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy

31
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that cannot be split into simple substances by chemical means

32
Q

Dobereiner’s Triads

A

A group of three elements with similar chemical properties in which the atomic weight of the middle element is approx. equal to the average of the other two

33
Q

Newlands Octaves

A

Arrangements of elements in which the first and the eight element, counting from a particular element have similar properties

34
Q

Mendeleev’s periodic law

A

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight the properties of the elements recur periodically

35
Q

Atomic number of an element

A

The number of protons in the nucleus’s of an atom of the element

36
Q

Modern Periodic Law

A

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, the properties of the elements recur periodically

37
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons

38
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element which have different mass numbers did to having different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

39
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The average mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element when taking their abundances into account expressed on a scale where the isotope of a carbon-12 atom has an atomic mass of 12

40
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance that is made up of two or more different elements combined together chemically

41
Q

What is the Octet Rule

A

When bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost energy level

42
Q

What is an Ion

A

A charged atom or group of atoms
Cations = positively charged
Anions = negatively charged

43
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

The force of attraction between oppositely-charged ions in a compound. Ionic bonds are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

44
Q

What is a transition metal

A

A metal that forms at least one ion with a partially-filled d sublevel

45
Q

What is a molecule

A

A group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently

46
Q

What is the valency of an element

A

The number of atoms of hydrogen or any other monovalent element with which each atom of the element combines

47
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

A bond in which there is unequal sharing of the pair or pairs of electrons
This causes one end of the bond to be slightly positive and the other end slightly negative

48
Q

What is a Gas?

A

A gas is a substance which has no well-defined boundaries but diffuses rapidly to fill any container in which it is placed

49
Q

Equation of State for an Ideal Gas

A

pV=nRT

R = universal gas constant = 8.31

Chemistry Must Knows (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions