definitions

Question 1

Define a pathogen

Answer 1

It is an organism that causes disease

Question 2

Define immunity

Answer 2

Immunity is the ability to resist infection

Question 3

Define general defence system

Answer 3

It acts as a barrier to all pathogens attempting to gain entry to the human body

Question 4

Define specific defence system

Answer 4

It attacks particular (specific) pathogens

Question 5

Define antigen

Answer 5

It is a foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 6

Define antibody

Answer 6

It is a protein produced by white blood cells (lymphocytes) in response to a specific antigen

Question 7

Define induced immunity

Answer 7

It is the ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

Question 8

Define active immunity

Answer 8

It involves the production of a person’s own antibodies in response to foreign antigens that enter the body.

Question 9

Define natural active immunity

Answer 9

It occurs when a pathogen enters the body in the normal way (i.e. when you get an infection)

Question 10

Define artificial active immunity

Answer 10

It occurs when a pathogen is medically introduced into the body

Question 11

Define vaccine

Answer 11

It is a non disease-causing dose of a pathogen (or its toxin), which triggers the production of antibodies.

Question 12

Define passive immunity

Answer 12

It occurs when individuals are given antibodies that were formed by another organism

Question 13

Define natural passive immunity

Answer 13

It occurs when a child gets antibodies from its mother

Question 14

Define artificial passive immunity

Answer 14

It occurs when a person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism

Question 15

Define plasma B cells

Answer 15

They produce antibodies

Question 16

Define memory B cells

Answer 16

They survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can make the specific antibody if the same infection later enters the body

Question 17

Define Helper T cells

Answer 17

They stimulate B cells and killer T cells

Question 18

Define killer T cells

Answer 18

They destroy abnormal human body cells

Question 19

Define suppressor T cells

Answer 19

They inhibit the immune response

Question 20

Define memory T cells

Answer 20

They survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can stimulate the specific B cells and killer T cells if the same infection later enters the body

Question 21

Define vaccination

Answer 21

It is the administration (usually by injection) of a non-disease-causing dose of a pathogen (or its toxin) to stimulate the production of antibodies.

Question 22

Define immunisation

Answer 22

It occurs when we produce or are injected with antibodies against a pathogen