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NREMT FLASHCARDS > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiac tamponade:

A

Occurs in penetrating trauma to the chest causing tears in the heart chamber

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2
Q

Cardiac tamponade signs and symptoms:

A

Becks triad: JVD, Hypotension and muffled heart sounds

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3
Q

Retrograde Amnesia:

A

Patient that doesn’t remember events that took place before the certain event

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4
Q

Intra-cranial pressure:

A

Caused by edema (swelling in the brain) or expanding “brain bleed” which is a hematoma

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5
Q

Cushing triad:

A
  • Raising BP
  • Lowering HR
  • Slowing respirations
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6
Q

Axial Loading:

A

Occurs when patient lands on head. This is called a “compression injury” direct force goes down on spine

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7
Q

Distraction:

A

Patient who hangs themselves, cervical spine is stopped while weight of body pushes downwards

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8
Q

Right Upper Quadrant:

A
  • Liver — Hepatitis
  • Gallbladder — Cholecystitis
  • Diaphragm
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9
Q

Left Upper Quadrant:

A
  • Stomach — Gastritis
  • Spleen —
  • Pancreas — Pancreatitis
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10
Q

Right Lower Quadrant:

A
  • Appendix — Appendicitis
  • Large intestines
  • Female reproductive
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11
Q

Left Lower Quadrant:

A
  • Large intestines

- Female reproductive

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12
Q

Retroperitoneal:

A

Kidneys “Flanks and flank pain”

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13
Q

Cullen sign:

A

Hemorrhagic patches of skin around navel (belly button area). Sign of acute pancreatitis

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14
Q

Grey Turners Sign:

A

Bruising of the skin around the flanks, which is also a sign of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

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15
Q

Hematuria:

A

Blood in the urine

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16
Q

Peritonitis:

A

Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal wall, when a hollow organ leaks its contents.

Ruptured appendix

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17
Q

Left shoulder pain caused by:

A

The leakage of the blood from the ruptured spleen

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18
Q

Glass Coma Scale:

A

Eyes, Verbal and Motor

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19
Q

E4:

A

Spontaneous eye opening=4
Verbal stimuli=3
Painful stimuli=2
Unresponsive=1

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20
Q

V5:

A 
Alert and oriented=5
Confused=4
Inappropriate words=3
Sounds not words=2
Unresponsiveness=1
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21
Q

M6:

A 
Obeys commands=6
Localizes pain=5
Withdraws from pain=4
Abnormal flexion=3
Abnormal extension=2
Unresponsiveness=1
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22
Q

Adrenal gland:

A

Where epinephrine is released from

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23
Q

DCAP-BTLS

A
  • Deformities
  • Contusions
  • Abrasions
  • Punctures
  • Burns
  • Tenderness
  • Lacerations
  • Swelling
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24
Q

Inspiration:

A

Inspiration is an active process that uses the contraction of several muscles to increase the size of the chest cavity

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25
Q

Angina pectoris:

A

Pain in the chest due to reduced supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of the heart muscle

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26
Q

Ventricular fibrillation:

A

Condition in which disorganized electrical impulses prevent the heart muscle from contracting normally

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27
Q

Asystole:

A

Condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses

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28
Q

Status epilepticus:

A

Two or more convulsive seizures lasting 5-10 minutes or more is defined as the condition of status epilepticus

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29
Q

Tonic-Clonic Seizure:

A

Characterized by unconsciousness and major motor activity

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30
Q

Four classic patterns of abdominal pain are:

A
  • Visceral Pain
  • Parietal Pain
  • Tearing Pain
  • Referred Pain
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31
Q

Visceral Pain:

A

Poorly localized, dull or diffused pain

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32
Q

Parietal Pain:

A

Arises from the parietal peritoneum

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33
Q

Tearing Pain:

A

Aorta tearing bad thing

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34
Q

Referred Pain:

A

Pain felt in a location other than where pain originates

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35
Q

Positional Asphyxia:

A

Patients who have been improperly restrained that may die from breathing impairment

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36
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid:

A

Results from traumatic injuries in a fractured skull that may cause bleeding or cerebrospinal fluid from the ears and nose

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37
Q

Commotio Cordis:

A

Blunt trauma to the chest that can cause the patient to go into sudden ventricular fibrillation

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38
Q

Hepatitis: What is it and what quadrant

A

Liver, RUQ

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39
Q

Acute cholecystitis

A

Gallbladder, RUQ

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40
Q

Pancreatitis: What is it and what quadrant

A

Pancreases, LUQ

41
Q

Appendicitis: What is it and what quadrant

A

Appendix, RLQ

42
Q

Renal colic pain:

A

Kidney which gives off flank pain

43
Q

ROSC:

A

Return of spontaneous circulation

44
Q

Umbilical cord:

A

Connects fetus with placenta, blood flow

45
Q

Placenta:

A

It is the organ of nutrition.

46
Q

Amniotic sac/fluid:

A

Thin walled bag that contains fetus/fluids

47
Q

Braxton-Hicks Contractions:

A

Irregular tightening of uterus, BEGINS 1ST TRIMESTER AND INCREAEASES

48
Q

Meconium:

A

1st bowel movement of the baby, only an issued if it’s passed in the uterus.

Can cause respiratory issues for the mother

49
Q

How to position a pregnant women:

A

Left lateral

50
Q

Imminent Delivery:

A

Contractions lasting 45-60 seconds, 1-2 minutes apart.

51
Q

Stage 1 of Labor:

A

Onset of contractions to fully dilated cervix (6-20 hours)

52
Q

Stage 2 of Labor:

A

Full dilation of cervix to delivery of newborn (30 min-2 hours)

This is the actual delivery of the new born

53
Q

Stage 3 of Labor:

A

Delivery of newborn to placenta expelled from mother. (5-60 minutes)

54
Q

APGAR:

A
  • Appearance
  • Pulse
  • Grimace
  • Activity
  • Respirations
55
Q

Appearance Score:

A

0=Blue, Pale
1=Pink/ blue extremities
2=Pink

56
Q

Pulse Score:

A

0= No pulse
1=Under 100
2=Over 100

57
Q

Grimace score:

A

0=No response
1=Minimal crying
2=Cough, crying

58
Q

Activity Score:

A

0=Limp body
1=Some flexion
2=Active motion

59
Q

Respirations Score:

A

0=No respirations
1=Slow, irregular
2=Crying which is good

60
Q

Abruptio Placentae:

A

Full/partial detachment of the placenta, occurs during the 3rd trimester

61
Q

Placenta Previa:

A

The placenta comes first. Covers fully or partially the cervical opening.

62
Q

Uterine Rupture:

A

The rupture of the uterine wall

63
Q

Preeclampsia:

A

Gestational hypertension

64
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy’s:

A

Causes a massive hemorrhage

65
Q

How many lobes of lung are there:

A

The left lung only has two because of the heart.
The right lung has 3
5 lobes of lung

66
Q

Too much tidal volume results in:

A

Increased minute volume

67
Q

Primary issue in asthma is:

A

Impaired ventilation

68
Q

Insert a oropharyngeal airway when:

A

Patient is unresponsive

69
Q

Bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm is common in:

A

Asthma

70
Q

Hoarseness:

A

Narrowing of the upper airway passages

71
Q

Severe airway obstruction in an infant:

A

Back slaps with chest thrusts

72
Q

Conscious, severely chocking adult patient would be treated with:

A

Abdominal thrusts

73
Q

If patient is unconscious choking you should immediately begin:

A

Chest compressions

74
Q

A patient who is altered with severe respiratory distress can be helped by:

A

Assisting their ventilations with a BVM

75
Q

Normal rates of breathing for child:

A

18-30

76
Q

Normal rates of breathing for an infant:

A

30-60

77
Q

What cardiac rhythm will an AED not advise to shock:

A

Pulseless electrical activity

78
Q

What is the name of when a young person collapses randomly and is unresponsive and pulseless:

A

Arrhythmia

79
Q

Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) impacts the ability to:

A

Palpate a pulse because there is continues pump of blood flow

80
Q

Ligaments:

A

Connect bone to bone

81
Q

Tendons:

A

Tissues that connect muscle to bone

82
Q

The initial cardiac electrical impulse in the normal function heart originates in the:

A

Sinoatrial node

83
Q

Correct placement of the color coded ECG cables:

A

White-pt right shoulder
Black-pt left shoulder
Red-pt left hip
Green-pt right hip

84
Q

Acute Myocardial Infarction results in:

A

Dropped BP because of the weakened heart muscle and decreased stroke volume

85
Q

A patient with extreme hypertension are at risk of:

A

Intracranial bleed

86
Q

Transient ischemic attack reslove:

A

Quickly

87
Q

Hemorrhagic strokes resolve:

A

Not very quickly

88
Q

Rigor mortis:

A

Stiffening of the muscles that occurs several hours after death occurs

89
Q

Patients that are warm to the touch with a fever can have one kind of shock:

A

Septic shock

90
Q

Ulcer:

A

Bleed (don’t give asprin)

91
Q

Dizziness or syncope upon standing is because of:

A

Orthostasis.

Patient who goes from supine to standing and drops the BP

92
Q

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding:

A

Dark, with a coffee ground-like texture

93
Q

Delirium Tremens

A

Alcohol withdraw that develops 72 hours after the last drink

94
Q

Glucagon:

A

A hormone that is released by the pancreas that signals to the liver to release more glucose. This happens when blood glucose levels fall below about 70

95
Q

The Adams apple is also known as:

A

Thyroid cartilage

96
Q

Ureter is part of the:

A

Urinary system

97
Q

Central pulse points

A

Carotid and femoral

98
Q

Peripheral pulse points

A

Radial and brachial

NREMT FLASHCARDS (3 decks)

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