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Large Animal Pharmacology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

7 Edible Animal Tissues

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Liver
  3. Kidney
  4. Skin/fat
  5. Milk
  6. Eggs
  7. Honey
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2
Q

Withdrawal Time

A

The amount of time until the drug and its metabolites are completely eliminated from the animal tissue/product. Any residue detected w/o a tolerance is considered a violative residue.

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3
Q

Tolerance

A

Legally allowed concentration of a drug residue in a tissue that will NOT cause an effect to the body when consumed by a human over a lifetime. If there is no established tolerance for that tissue in an animal species it is considered zero tolerance.

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4
Q

Violative Residue

A

Means the substance is ABOVE the tolerance level established by FDA and causes a violation.

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5
Q

Non-Violative Residue

A

Means the substance is still in the body but BELOW the tolerance level established by FDA. A legally acceptable residue of drugs in edible tissues at slaughter/harvest.

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6
Q

Target Test Level in Milk

A

A residue above the tolerance but FDA may chose not to prosecute. A guide whether or not to prosecute but NOT a tolerance value.

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7
Q

Veterinary Feed Directive

A

A prescription for antibiotics to be added to any feed source for food animal consumption. You must keep a VFD for two years.

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8
Q

AMDUCA

A

American Medicinal Drug Clarification Act of 1994

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9
Q

AMDUCA

A

Recognizes situations and allows only veterinarians to use and prescribe drugs in an extra-label manner. Applies to ALL animals.

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10
Q

AMDUCA Requirement Administration

A

Parentally, intramammary, topically, or in water. Adding a medically important drug to a feed MUST be at the approved label directions.

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11
Q

Extra Label Drug Use (ELDU)

A

Drug deviates from the label directions and what is specified by the label. The time the drug persists in the tissues can increase risk of residues.

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12
Q

7 Ways to Alter A Drug For ELDU

A
  1. Species
  2. Dose
  3. Volume
  4. Route
  5. Interval/frequency
  6. Duration
  7. Indication
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13
Q

Reasons for ELDU ONLY if there is NOT a labeled drug that:

A
  1. Has the clinically effective drug
  2. Has the needed ingredient
  3. is the proper dosage form
  4. Is labeled for indication/disease
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14
Q

What are the first and second step in the process of selecting a drug for ELDU?

A

First step: If that is NOT possible: use a food-animal labeled drug that can be used extra-label.

Second step: If NO food animal approved drug exists than use a human or companion animal approved drug ELDU.

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15
Q

What are the 5 reasons that are NOT permitted for ELDU?

A
  1. Less expensive
  2. Convenience
  3. Production benefits
  4. No valid VCPR in place
  5. Cannot be used with a prohibited drug
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16
Q

4 Classifications of Animal Drugs

A
  1. Over the counter drugs (OTC)
  2. Prescription drugs
  3. Extra label use of drugs (ELUD)
  4. Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)
17
Q

What are the REQUIRED drug label components?

A
  1. Drug name/active ingredients
  2. Animal identifier
  3. Dose
  4. Durations
  5. Route of administration
  6. Withdrawal times
  7. Cautionary statements
18
Q

New Animal Drug Application (NADA) Number

A

FDA’s new way of identifying medications. Can be found on the manufacturer’s label.

19
Q

What if I prescribe a drug as an ELDU and do not know the withdrawal time?

A

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Response time is 72 hours and only respond to a licensed veterinarian. California is the ONLY state in which all animal drugs are prescription based and no OTC drugs.

20
Q

What are the 3 Reasons Drugs May Be Prohibited?

A
  1. Can cause cancer
  2. Can cause toxic reactions
  3. Can cause antimicrobial resistance
21
Q

3 Indications For Treatment

A
  1. Prevention (Prophylaxis)
  2. Control (Metaphylaxis)
  3. Treatment (only to animals that are infected)
22
Q

MUMS Act

A

Minor Use & Minor Species Animal Health Act 2004. Applies to small ruminants, rabbits, etc.

23
Q

Does the MUMS act legally allow for drug residue to ABOVE tolerance in any species?

A

No and not in ELDU either. But enforcement is low in minor species as compared to major species.

24
Q

Drugs with special restrictions for Grade A dairy operations by pasteurizes milk ordinance (PMO)

A

Prohibited to be: Used, Storage, Fed. Drugs:

  1. Non-medical grade DMSO
  2. Dipyrone
  3. Collodial silver
25
Q

7 Classes of Prohibited Drugs For ANY Use in Food Animals

A
  1. Diethylstilbesterol (DES)
  2. Nitroimidazoles
  3. Nitrofurans
  4. Chloramphenicol
  5. Clenbuterol
  6. Fluoroquinolones
  7. Glycopeptides
26
Q

4 Classes of Prohibited or Restricted EDLU In Food Animals

A
  1. Sulfonamides
  2. Phenylbutazone
  3. Cephalosporins
  4. Antivirals

Large Animal Pharmacology (1 decks)

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