Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Evidence

A

Whole body of material that a court | tribunal may take into account in reaching their decision

Evidence may be in oral | written| visual form

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2
Q

Admissible evidence

A

Evidence that is legally able to be received by a court

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3
Q

Weight of evidence

A

The weight of evidence is its value in relation to the facts in issue. The value depends on factors, e.g.:

  • The extent to which the evidence is directly relevant to | conclusive of those facts
  • The extent to which the evidence is supported | contradicted by other evidence
  • The veracity of the witness
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4
Q

Give evidence

A

“Give evidence” is included in “offer evidence”

A witness gives evidence

A party offers evidence

A party that testifies both gives and offers evidence

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5
Q

Ways of giving evidence

A

Evidence may be given:

Ordinary way

  • Orally in a courtroom in the presence of a judge/jury, or
  • In a affidavit filed in court
  • By reading a written statement in a courtroom

Alternative way

  • In courtroom but unable to see the defendant | other person
  • Outside courtroom
  • Video recording prepared before the hearing

In any other way provided by EA’06 | other Act

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6
Q

Incriminate

A

To provide information that is reasonably likely to lead to, or increase the likelihood of, the prosecution of a person for a criminal offence

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7
Q

Witness

A

A person who gives evidence and is available to be cross examined in a proceeding

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8
Q

Woolmington principle

A

Fundamental principle in criminal law is the presumption of innocence

The burden of proof lies clearly with the prosecution in all of the elements of the offence

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9
Q

Reasonable doubt (Wanhalla)

A

An honest and reasonable uncertainty
left in your mind about the guilt of the defendant
after you have given careful and impartial consideration
to all of the evidence

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10
Q

Facts in issue

A

The prosecution must prove to establish the elements of the offence

The defence must prove where the defendant carries the burden of proof

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11
Q

Relevant facts

A

Facts that tend to prove | disprove fact in issue

(inc. circumstantial evident)

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12
Q

Direct evidence

A

Evidence given by a witness wrt a fact in issue that he has seen | heard | otherwise experienced

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13
Q

Circumstantial evidence

A

Evidence of circumstances that do not directly prove any fact in issue - but which allow inferences about the existence of those facts to be drawn

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14
Q

Veracity

A

Disposition of a person to refrain from lying, whether generally or in a proc.

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15
Q

Propensity evidence

A

Evidence that shows a person’s propensity to:
- act in a particular way |
- have a particular state of mind
being evidence of AOEC with which the person is alleged to have been involved

but does not include evidence of AO that is:

  • 1 of elements of offence being tried |
  • cause of action in proc.
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16
Q

Statement

A
  • Written | oral assertion by a person on any matter, or
  • Non-verbal conduct of a person, intended by that person to be an assertion
17
Q

Hearsay statement

A

A statement that

  • was made by a person other than a witness, and
  • is offered in evidence to prove the truth of its contents
18
Q

Circumstances

A
  • Nature and content of statement
  • Circumstances relating to making of statement
  • Circumstances relating to maker’s veracity
  • Circumstances relating to accuracy of observation
19
Q

Business record

A

A document that is made:

  • to comply with a duty or in the course of a business
  • from information supplied by a person who reasonably had personal knowledge of the matters relating to the information provided
20
Q

Opinion

A

A statement that tends to prove | disprove a fact

21
Q

Expert

A

A person with specialised knowledge | skill
based on training | study | experience

22
Q

Proc. determined

A
  • proc stayed | dismissed, or
  • AD acquitted, or
  • AD convicted and sentence
23
Q

Associated defendant

A

Person being prosecuted for:

  • offence that arose from same events leading to D’s prosecution
  • offence connected to offence for which D is being prosecuted
24
Q

Privilege

A

The right to refuse to disclose or prevent disclosure of what would otherwise be admissible

25
Q

Self incrimination

A

Provision by a person of information that could reasonably lead to, or increase the likelihood of, the prosecution of that person for a criminal offence

26
Q

Jury deliberation

A

Everything said or done during the time the jury was performing its fact finding function

27
Q

Corroboration

A

Independent evidence that tends to confirm | support some fact of which other evidence is given and implicates the defendant

28
Q

Leading question

A

A question that directly | indirectly suggests a particular answer

29
Q

Hostile witness

A

A witness that:

  • (Appears to) exhibit a lack of veracity when giving evidence unfavorable to the calling party on a matter on which the witness reasonably has knowledge; or
  • Gives evidence inconsistent with a previous statement of theirs in a manner that (appears to) exhibits an intent to be unhelpful to the calling party; or
  • Refuses to answer questions or deliberately withholds evidence