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Biology 2.5 Genetic Variation And Change > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Allele?

A

Any of two or more variants of a gene that have the same relative position on homologous chromosomes and are responsible for alternative characteristics.

  • A variation of a gene
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2
Q

Allele Frequency

A

The percentage of a population of a species that carries a particular allele on a given chromosome.

  • How often a form of a gene appears in a gene pool
  • A measure of how common a certain allele is in the population
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3
Q

Chiasma

A

The point at which paired chromosomes contact during crossing over.

  • Site of crossing over
  • The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 go meiosis.
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4
Q

What is Continuous Variation? and give two examples.

A

Variation within a population in which a graded series of intermediate phenotype falls between the extremes

  • Variation measured on a continuum rather than in discrete units or categories.

An example of this can include:

  • Height
  • Weight
  • Heart Beat
  • Finger Length
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5
Q

Define Crossing Over

A

A process occurring during meiosis where in chromosomes pair up and exchange segments if there genetic material.

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics offspring.

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6
Q

What is a Diploid? What is an example of this in Humans?

A

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes one from each parent.

Key words - two complete sets -

An example of this in humans is somatic cells because they contain 46 chromosomes.

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7
Q

What is Discontinuous Variation? Give two examples.

A

Variation within a population in which few or no intermediate phenotypes between the extremes

Examples:

  • Human Blood type/group
  • Eye Colour
  • Tongue Rolling
  • Finger Prints
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8
Q

Gamete

A

A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes especially a mature sperm or egg.

A sex cell

Specialised cell involved in sexual reproduction

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9
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

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10
Q

What is a Gene Pool?

A

The total sum of different alleles in an interbreeding population.

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population.

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11
Q

Genetic Variation

A

Variation in the allele frequency or genome between members of species or between groups of species.

Differences among individuals in the composition of there genes or other DNA segments.

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12
Q

What is a Haploid? And give an of one in Humans.

A

A cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

In humans this would be the gametes because they contain 23 unpaired chromosomes.

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13
Q

What does Heritable mean?

A

Capable of being passed from one generation to the next.

Traits that van be passed on to offspring.

Refers to any characteristics or trait that are influence by heredity.

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14
Q

Independent Assorment

A

The process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during meiosis resulting in the production of genetically unique gametes.

Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes.

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15
Q

What is a Locus?

A

A locus is the position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome.

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16
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organism that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from DIPLOID to HAPLOID.

A type of cell division that creates four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

17
Q

Mutagen

A

An agent, such as a chemical, ultra violet or a radioactive element, that can reduce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism.

A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and cause a mutation.

18
Q

How does mutation happen?

A

A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA.

19
Q

What is a Trait?

A

A genetically determined characteristic of condition.

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

20
Q

Segregation

A

The separation of paired alleles or homologous chromosomes especially during meiosis, so that the members of each pair appear in different gametes.

21
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Any cell of a living organism that is NOT sexually reproductive cell.

Biology 2.5 Genetic Variation And Change (1 decks)

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