Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

a device used to replace, compensate for, or improve the functional abilities of people with disabilities or for trans or gender diverse persons to affirm gender identity. Assistive device includes a broad range of items such as mobility and visual/hearing aids, orthotics/prosthetics, speech devices, medical supplies, environmental controls and respiratory devices. Prosthetics used to express gender identity include: breast forms, chest binders, gaffs, packers, prosthetic penises and wigs.

A

Assistive/Prosthetic Device

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2
Q

a. any degree of physical disability, infirmity, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, a brain injury, any
11
degree of paralysis, amputation, lack of physical co-ordination, blindness or visual impediment, deafness or hearing impediment, muteness or speech impediment, or physical reliance on a guide dog or other animal or on a wheelchair or other remedial appliance or device;
b. a condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability;
c. a learning disability, or a dysfunction in one or more of the processes involved in understanding or using symbols or spoken language;
d. a mental disorder, or;
e. an injury or disability for which benefits were claimed or received under the insurance

A

Disability

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3
Q

the set of socially classified behaviours, attitudes and norms associated with and roles of men, women, trans people, non-binary people and more. Encompasses gender identity, a person’s internal sense of being a man, woman, both or neither.

A

Gender

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4
Q

any item, article, apparel, or clothing a person identifies as having religious importance.

A

Item of Religious Significance

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5
Q

gender identities outside of the expected binary of men and women.

A

Non-binary

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6
Q

for the purposes of prisoner transportation, care and control, includes a

g) police officer,
h) court officer, and
i) custodial officer.

A

Member – Prisoner Care & Control

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7
Q

means information derived from a member making a determination with respect to the race of an individual by observation, solely on the basis of that member’s own perception.

A

Service Members’ Perception Data

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8
Q

is an umbrella term referring to people with diverse gender identities and expressions that differ from their assigned sex at birth. It includes but is not limited to people who identify as transgender, trans woman (someone assigned male at birth who knows themself to be a woman), trans man (someone assigned female at birth who knows themself to be a man), non-binary, gender non-conforming, gender variant or gender queer. Some people may consider two-spirit to be a trans identity. Trans persons may or may not make a social transition, have surgery, use prosthetic devices or take prescription medications (such as hormone therapies), to affirm their gender identity. They may or may not have identity documents that reflect their lived identity

A

Trans

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9
Q

means a video surveillance system installed in the sally–port, booking hall and other areas of a police facility that is designed to record the booking and release of all prisoners as they enter and leave a police facility. The ??? is operated manually by the booking officer. (Booking Video)

A

Booking Hall System (BHS)

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10
Q

means a police officer, court officer or custodial officer designated by the officer in charge as the person responsible for the care and handling of persons detained in custody.

A

Booking Officer

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11
Q

means cells used during those hours in which the courts are sitting. A person shall be lodged in a ??? cell when:
 being held for a court appearance;
 awaiting transportation to a detention facility;
 ordered into custody by the court.

A

Court Cells

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12
Q

for the purposes persons in custody means any member designated as an audio/video operator with an understanding of how to operate the equipment.

A

Designated Operator

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13
Q

means a video surveillance system installed in the prisoner detention areas of a police facility, such as the cells and the bullpen, which is designed to monitor and record the condition of prisoners while they are in custody. The ???? is set to automatically record each cell and bullpen when activity is detected. (Cell Video)

A

Detention Area Monitoring System (DAMS)

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14
Q

means any central lock–up and/or booking hall.

A

Detention Facility

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15
Q

means cells that may be used for short term detention of a person in custody when:
 being processed, or waiting to be processed, or to ensure the safety of the person and/or members;
 awaiting transportation to a central lock–up;
 being held for return by an outside agency.

A

Divisional Cells

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16
Q

means an assigned division used to detain a person in custody:
 when the person is held for a Show Cause hearing, or Judicial Interim Release where the bail court is closed
 when outside of admitting hours stipulated in Procedure 03–03
 in any other circumstances where detention is authorized and necessary.

A

Lock–Up

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17
Q

means divisional cells, central lock–ups and court cells used for the secure detention of persons in custody.

A

Police Cells

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18
Q

for the purposes of prisoner transportation, includes marked and unmarked vehicle owned or operated by the Service, that has the capacity to transport a driver and two or more passengers.

A

Police Vehicle – Prisoner Transportation

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19
Q

means money, jewelry and other items that may make a prisoner the target of theft or robbery.

A

Valuable Property

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20
Q

means a thing over which a person has surrendered any possessory right or privacy right and which may or may not relate to a crime and/or crime scene and which potentially has some evidentiary value.

A

Abandoned Property

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21
Q

means a police officer who swears to an affidavit, commonly used when requesting a search warrant before a Justice.

A

Affiant

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22
Q

means a police officer assigned to prepare and manage a case for trial.

A

Case Manager

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23
Q

the purposes of court disclosure means a divisional warrant officer, or an on-duty designate, or a court officer who is a sworn peace officer, during the lawful execution of their duties.

A

Common Informant

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24
Q

means the detention of property beyond the initial 3 months from the date of seizure.

A

Continued Detention

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25
Q

means a police officer delegated to seize all property, commonly used when a search warrant is executed

A

Exhibits Officer

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26
Q

means seizure of private property because
 it was illegally obtained, or
 it is an illegal substance, or
 the legal basis for possession has ended.

A

Forfeiture

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27
Q

means an Order prepared and signed by a Justice to authorize the disposal of seized property by the Public Prosecution Service of Canada (PPSC) and/or the Ministry of the Attorney General (MAG).

A

Forfeiture Order

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28
Q

means any property which was located by a member or a citizen and turned over to a member, and the item (at the time) has no apparent evidentiary value.

A

Found Property

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29
Q

means information obtained from a thing that is seized.

A

Informational Material

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30
Q

Justice means a Justice of the Peace or a Provincial Court Judge

A

Justice

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31
Q

Report to Justice for the purposes of filing a Report to Justice means a police officer, or a court officer

A

Peace Officer

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32
Q

means any article and/or document found by, seized by, surrendered to, or intended to be surrendered to a Service member.

A

Property

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33
Q

means a thing, including informational material, seized from a person and/or place, with or without a warrant, by a peace officer without that person’s consent.

A

Seized Property

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34
Q

means a peace officer who has seized property, either with or without a search warrant, and includes a court officer during the lawful execution of their duties.

A

Seizing Officer

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35
Q

means any article, document, informational material and/or thing whose possession has been voluntarily given to a member and the item (at that time) may or may not have

A

Surrendered Property

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36
Q

means any person under the age of 18 years.

A

Child

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37
Q

means a system of world–wide electronic communication in which a computer user can compose and send a message, with or without attached files, from one terminal that can be regenerated at the recipient’s terminal when the recipient logs in. The Toronto Police Service (Service) has an internal e–mail and an external e–mail database. The internal e–mail database allows authorized users to send and receive messages within the Service. The external e–mail database allows authorized users to send and receive messages over the Internet.

A

Electronic Mail (email)

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38
Q

means an investigation led by Detective Operations - Homicide (Homicide) into the circumstances surrounding a sudden death where there is:
 obvious or suspected foul play,
 the cause of death cannot be explained,
 found human remains,
 any other suspicious circumstance.

A

Homicide Investigation

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39
Q

means a partner from a current or former intimate relationship.

A

Intimate Partner

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40
Q

includes current or former relationships between opposite sex and same sex partners and include persons who:
 are legally married to one another;
 were previously married to one another;
 are not married, but are currently in a family–type relationship;
 are not married, but were formerly in a family–type relationship;
 have a child in common regardless of whether such persons have been married or lived together at one time, or;
 are (or have ever been) involved in a dating relationship.

A

Intimate Relationship

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41
Q

means the investigator responsible for the effective governance and management of every threshold major case investigation and possesses the knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the functions of Major Case Management. The ?????? shall have successfully completed the Ontario Major Case Management Course or equivalent as defined by the Ontario Police College, and; shall have the resources to manage investigations through the minister–approved software, currently known as PowerCase.
[Source: Ontario Major Case Management Manual]

A

Major Case Manager

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42
Q

means a death due to explainable medical causes including old age or disease.

A

Natural Causes

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43
Q

means the investigator assigned by the Major Case Manager in every threshold major case investigation to perform the functions and responsibilities of the primary investigation function. The Primary Investigator shall have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the function; shall have successfully completed the Ontario Major Case Management Course or equivalent, as defined by the Ontario Police College.
[Source: Ontario Major Case Management Manual]

A

Primary Investigator

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44
Q

means an unexpected death that is instantaneous or occurs within minutes or hours from any cause other than violence.

A

Sudden Death

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45
Q

means the death of a person intentionally caused by the person’s own actions.

A

Suicide

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46
Q

Unnatural Sudden Death means the unexpected death of a person by suicide, homicide, accident or suspicious circumstances, and includes found human remains, in whole or in part.

A

Unnatural Sudden Death

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47
Q

means a co–operative effort between police, the media and the Ministry of Transportation to provide early notification to the public where a person under 18 years of age is believed to have been abducted and where circumstances lead police to believe that the abducted person is in danger of serious bodily harm or death and there is enough descriptive information about the abducted person, and/or the abductor, and/or the abductor’s vehicle to believe an immediate broadcast alert will help in locating the person.

A

AMBER Alert

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48
Q

means a portable storage box containing the necessary items essential to the supervisory officer at the scene of a Level 2 or Level 3 search. These items shall be determined by Procedure 04–05 and established practice, and should be located where it is easily accessible by the Officer in Charge.

A

Divisional Search Box

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49
Q

means the police officer who has taken charge of the incident and who is in charge at the Command Post and, in conjunction with other emergency services commanders, is responsible for coordinating and managing police response at an incident.

A

Incident Commander

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50
Q

means the last substantiated (by clues or evidence) position that the missing person was known to be.

A

Last Known Position

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51
Q

means the level of search implemented when a person is reported missing and there are no extenuating circumstances. At this level, there are minimal concerns regarding the issue of foul play or the infirmity or limitations of the missing person.

A

Level 1 Missing Person Search

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52
Q

means the level of search when a missing person is:
 under 16 years and judged likely to be incapable of caring for themselves;
 mentally challenged;
 over 65 years of age or infirm, or;
 there is evidence of foul play.

A

Level 2 Missing Person Search

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53
Q

means the level of search implemented when the Level 1 and Level 2 missing person searches are ineffective or if the situation, due to the extenuating circumstances, necessitates that this level be initiated immediately.

A

Level 3 Missing Person Search

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54
Q

means a person where both the following circumstances exist with respect to the person:
 The persons whereabouts are unknown and,
 the person has not been in contact with people who would likely be in contact with the person,
or
 it is reasonable in the circumstances to fear for the person’s safety because of the circumstances surrounding the person’s absence or because of any other prescribed considerations.

A member of a police force is unable to locate the person after making reasonable efforts to do so.

A

Missing Person

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55
Q

means a web page located on the Service Internet site used to publish information and pictures regarding missing persons investigations that have proceeded to a Level 3 search.

A

Missing Persons Search Page

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56
Q

means the national centre created and maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to compile data on missing persons and unidentified remains. The Toronto Police Service supports the centre and encourages officers to forward pertinent information to the RCMP to assist in matters of missing persons and unidentified remains

A

National Centre for Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains (NCMPUR)

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57
Q

means the national registry created and maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to compile data on missing and abducted children. The Toronto Police Service supports the registry and encourages officers to forward pertinent information to the RCMP to assist in matters of both parental and non–parental abduction.

A

National Missing Children’s Operations (NMCO)

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58
Q

means the unlawful removal of a child by a person other than a parent, guardian, or person having lawful care or charge of the child.

A

Non–Parental Abduction

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59
Q

means the unlawful removal of a child by a parent, guardian, or any other person having lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteen whether or not there is a custody order in relation to that child made by a court, with the intent to deprive a parent, guardian, or person having lawful care or charge of the person.

A

Parental Abduction

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60
Q

means a point where the missing person was actually seen by a witness.

A

Place Last Seen

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61
Q

means the team from Emergency Management & Public Order (EM&PO), supported by the requesting division, responsible for co–ordinating a Level 3 search for a missing person.

A

Search Management Team

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62
Q

means the police officer in charge of Emergency Management & Public Order – Search Management Team.

A

Search Manager

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63
Q

means a section of the Service as designated by the Board, such as a field headquarter, division, bureau or squad

A

Unit

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64
Q

means the member of the Service, designated by the Chief of Police, who assesses procedural compliance of Regulated Interaction Reports, once they have been approved or restricted by a Supervisory Officer. The Controller – Regulated Interaction Reports is also responsible for:
 fulfilling the role of subject matter resource for Supervisory Officers;
 preparing a report to the Unit Commander of the Toronto Police College every three months that outlines the results of all reviews undertaken specific to Regulated Interaction Reports; and
 monitoring and reporting on any changes or amendments to legislation or Service Governance which may be relevant to training specific to Regulated Interactions.

A

Controller – Regulated Interactions

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65
Q

means all Person Investigated Card (Form 172), Field Information Report (Form 208), Community Inquiry Report (Form 306), and Community Safety Note (Street Check) records submitted into the Service’s records management systems prior to January 1, 2017, and may include any such submitted record whether or not it would have been categorized as a Regulated Interaction Report had it been submitted on or after January 1, 2017.

A

Historical Contact Data

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66
Q

means any information that, alone or in combination with other information, can be used to identify an individual. It may include information about an individual’s race, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status, economic circumstances, and education, medical, psychiatric, psychological, criminal or employment history.

A

Identifying Information

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67
Q

means an attempt by a police officer to collect identifying information by asking an individual, in a face-to-face encounter, to identify himself or herself or to provide information for the purpose of identifying the individual, and includes such an attempt whether or not identifying information is collected,
 only if that attempt is done for the purpose of,
- inquiring into offences that have been or might be committed; and/or
- inquiring into suspicious activities to detect offences; and/or
- gathering information for intelligence purposes;
 but does not include an attempted collection made by a police officer for the purpose of investigating an offence the officer reasonably suspects has been or will be committed; and does not include an attempt by a police officer to collect identifying information from an individual if,
- the individual is legally required to provide the information to a police officer;
- the individual is under arrest or is being detained;
- the police officer is engaged in a covert operation;
- the police officer is executing a warrant, acting pursuant to a court order or performing related duties; or
- the individual from whom the police officer attempts to collect information is employed in the administration of justice or is carrying out duties or providing services that are otherwise relevant to the carrying out of the police officer’s duties.

A

Regulated Interaction

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68
Q

means the electronic record of a Regulated Interaction submitted into the Service’s record management system, whether or not identifying information was collected during the Regulated Interaction.

A

Regulated Interaction Report

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69
Q

is a classification which applies to Historical Contact Data and may apply to Regulated Interaction Reports for which the Service has instituted constraints that prevent access to the record

A

Restricted

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70
Q

means a member of the cadre of on-call Toronto Police Service uniform senior officers that acts as the designated authority and manages the SIU event in the field on behalf of the Chief.

A

Chief’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU) On-Call Designated Authority

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71
Q

means the death of a person at any time during an arrest/detention and before the person’s release or transfer to another agency’s custody.

A

Death in Custody

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72
Q

means that the SIU Director may cause an investigation to be conducted into any incident in which any of the following occurs, if the incident may have resulted from the criminal conduct of a Service official:

A

Special Investigations Unit (SIU) Mandate

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73
Q

means the performance of general policing duties in the community by officers assigned to a combination of general and directed patrol, targeted and problem oriented policing initiatives.

A

Community Patrol

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74
Q

means a divisional committee that represents all segments of the community.

A

Community Police Liaison Committee (CPLC)

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75
Q

means a set of systematic, analytical processes directed at providing timely and pertinent information relative to crime patterns and trend correlation. It assists operational and administrative personnel in planning the deployment of resources for the prevention and suppression of criminal activities, aiding in the investigative process, and increasing apprehensions and the clearance of cases.

A

Crime Analysis

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76
Q

means the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk followed by the initiation of some action to remove or reduce the risk, and the measurement and evaluation of the outcome.

A

Crime Prevention

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77
Q

means the process by which persons in custody will be asked if they wish to provide information on other crimes including, but not limited to the divisional crime problems established as priorities.

A

Debriefing

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78
Q

means a specific activity designed to address an identified concern within the community. ????????? are activities detailed to officers in order to have specific measurable tasks carried out. This form of patrol may be enforcement–based but may also be focused on achieving a goal by other means. ????????? can be an effective component in the maintenance of public order and improving the quality of life for the community.

A

Directed Patrol

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79
Q

means routine policing activities carried out by officers within a specified area. ??????? is an important part of community policing that does not specifically focus on or target an identified concern within the community, but permits officers to accomplish their policing duties in a non–focused manner.

A

General Patrol

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80
Q

means the act of upholding community standards, using both informal community activities and law enforcement to create a safer environment, and an improved quality of life.

A

Order Maintenance

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81
Q

in reference to Crime and Disorder Management means an issue dealing with public disorder or crime that has been identified by either
 the police (through analysis), or
 by members of the community
that requires police/community intervention.

A

Problem

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82
Q

means a technique by which public disorder and crime issues are identified, analyzed, and strategies are developed to eliminate or bring the issues under control.

A

Problem Oriented Policing

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83
Q

means an actual or perceived social, economic and physical environment, which is conducive to a state of mental and physical well–being. When applied to neighborhood’s or communities, it means that there is little disorder or anti–social activity, permitting local community members to go about their daily activities with minimal fear or disruption.

A

Quality of Life

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84
Q

means patrol or enforcement action targeting a specific area or problem, that is undertaken by an officer, without previous direction from a supervisor. The area of the ??????????? may be based on trends derived through crime analysis.

A

Self-Initiated Patrol

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85
Q

includes the Chief of Police, Command Officers, Staff Superintendents and Directors, and any other member as determined by the Chief of Police.

A

Senior Management Team (SMT)

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86
Q

means the targeting of offenders or offences within a specific time period and/or a specific geographic area.

A

Target Policing

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87
Q

means a person who acts on behalf of the police and under their direction, which may result in them becoming a material and compellable witness. The identity of the agent is subject to disclosure.

A

Agent

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88
Q

means a person who is registered with Intelligence Services – Covert Operations – Source Management (CO–SMS) and voluntarily provides information of some usefulness or interest to the Toronto Police Service with respect to the prevention and detection of crimes, with the explicit or implicit expectation of confidentiality. This person would generally not become a witness or require protection as a result of their involvement or the information they have provided.

A

Confidential Source (Source)

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89
Q

means a confidential source who is not a Confidential Source – Level 2.

A

Confidential Source – Level 1

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90
Q

means
 a source under the age of 18 (young person), or
 a source whose information could be considered:
 multi–jurisdictional;
 may affect national security;
 involves organized crime;
 is beyond the resources or the source–handling abilities of the officers involved;
 at the discretion of the Controller.

A

Confidential Source – Level 2

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91
Q

means the Detective Sergeant – Intelligence Services – Covert Operations who ensures the effective control, accountability and evaluation of the source, continually assessing the risks and managing all information provided by the source. ????????????? is responsible for the Source Management Program of the Toronto Police Service.

A

The Controller – Source

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92
Q

means a document provided to the crown attorney by Intelligence Services – Covert Operations – Source Management (CO–SMS) on behalf of a source seeking consideration for that source’s assistance to the police.

A

Crown Letter – Source

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93
Q

means a police officer who has received information from a source and who has been so designated by the Controller or designate. A ????? , on behalf of the Toronto Police Service, is responsible for the:
 development of a source
 integrity of any contact
 acquisition and dissemination of information received from the source.

A

Handler

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94
Q

means any police officer from the Toronto Police Service who can handle level 1 sources only

A

Handler – Level 1

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95
Q

means any police officer from the Toronto Police Service who has been accredited and designated by the Controller or designate. A ???? can manage agents, and level 1 and level 2 sources. For the purposes of agents, a ????? is also responsible for:
 the management of agents on behalf of the Service
 considering the primary concerns
 the acquisition and dissemination of information from that agent.

A

Handler – Level 2

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96
Q

means a person who has been restricted by Intelligence Services – Covert Operations – Source Management (CO–SMS). Such a person shall not be used as such by any officer unless designated by the Controller.

A

Restricted Source

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97
Q
means an investigation led by Detective Operations – Homicide (Homicide) into the circumstances surrounding a sudden death where there is
 obvious or suspected foul play
 the cause of death cannot be explained
 found human remains
 any other suspicious circumstance.
A

Homicide Investigation

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98
Q

means a child less than 1 year of age.

A

Infant

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99
Q

means a partner from a current or former intimate relationship.

A

Intimate Partner

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100
Q

includes current or former relationships between opposite sex and same sex partners and include persons who:
 are legally married to one another;
 were previously married to one another;
 are not married, but are currently in a family–type relationship;
 are not married, but were formerly in a family–type relationship;
 have a child in common regardless of whether such persons have been married or lived together at one time; or,
 are (or have ever been) involved in a dating relationship.

A

Intimate Relationship

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101
Q

means the sudden death of an infant under one (1) year of age, which remains unexplained after a thorough investigation which must include a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, a police investigation and a review of the child’s clinical history.

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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102
Q

means the death investigation of a child due to
 SID
 accidental injury
 non–accidental injury due to neglect or abuse, or
 a previously undiagnosed natural disease process and may include
- negative autopsy but evidence of an old healed fracture which has not been adequately explained by the investigation
- negative autopsy but a previous history of child abuse
- negative autopsy but some positive toxicology, which although not considered to be a cause of death cannot be explained (e.g. blood alcohol of 30mg in a five month old child)
Where there is significant concern regarding any part of the death investigation, the cause of death should be classified as a SUD.

A

Sudden Unexplained Death

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103
Q

means any bank, trust and loan company, or credit union.

A

Financial Institution

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104
Q

in reference to hold–ups, means a tracking device used primarily by the pharmaceutical and financial industries to assist with the apprehension of suspects and recovery of stolen property when a hold–up has occurred.

A

Global Positioning System (GPS) Tracking Device

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105
Q

will take charge and attend all robberies that fall within their mandate including: financial institutions; armoured cars; retail business; home invasions committed with firearms or offensive weapons, money deposits, and carjacking’s committed with firearms or offensive weapons.

A

Hold-Up (HUS) Mandate HUS

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106
Q

means
 a victim or witness who may possibly require or may seek admission into the Provincial Witness Protection Program;
 a Crown Attorney is requesting information for disclosure purposes;
 the information is necessary to prove essential elements of an offence, or;
 investigations where the circumstances make it clear that it is essential to public or officer safety and security to ascertain the immigration status of a victim or witness.

A

Bona Fide Reasons

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107
Q

means a child that can be apprehended as being in need of protection as defined in s.125 (1) of the Child, Youth and Family Services Act.

A

Child in Need of Protection

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108
Q

means the following major cases:
 homicides as defined in subsection 222(4), Criminal Code, and attempts;
 sexual assaults, and all attempts (for the purpose of this standard, is deemed to include sexual interference, sexual exploitation and invitation to sexual touching);
 trafficking in persons as defined in section 279.01, 279.011 or 279.04, Criminal Code, and attempts as defined in section 24(1) Criminal Code;
 occurrences involving non-familial abductions and attempts;
 missing person occurrences, as outlined in the Ontario Major Case Management Manual;
 occurrences suspected to be homicide involving found human remains;
 criminal harassment cases in which the offender is not known to the victim; and,
 any other types of cases designated as a major case pursuant to this Ontario Major Case Management Manual.
[Source: Ontario Major Case Management Manual]

A

Criteria Offence – Ontario Major Case Management

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109
Q

means any incident between persons involved in an intimate relationship where, although no criminal offence has occurred, police have been called to the scene.

A

Domestic Incident

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110
Q

means an occurrence report created to detail criminal behavior and/or a breach of any statute related to a domestic situation and includes an arrest report. (excludes a Domestic Incident Report).

A

Domestic Occurrence

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111
Q

means any physical, sexual or psychological harm caused, or attempted, between persons involved in an intimate relationship including:
 assault;
 murder;
 sexual assault;
 threatening;
 harassment;
 intimidation;
 unlawful interference with personal liberty;
 any other criminal offence;
 offences under other statutes, such as the Family Law Act, Children’s Law Reform Act, etc.;
 but does not include child abuse investigations.

A

Domestic Violence

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112
Q

means an investigator qualified in the investigations of domestic violence as prescribed in Police Services Act, O.Reg. 3/99, Adequacy & Effectiveness of Police Services and the Policing Standards Manual.

A

Domestic Violence Investigator (DVI)

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113
Q

means the individual who has been the principal abuser, and not necessarily the person who initiated the violence that resulted in the attendance of police.

A

Dominant Aggressor

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114
Q

means a database within the Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) system that contains information from local police agencies, which could affect an individual’s eligibility to be issued or to continue to hold a firearms license. Section 5 of the Firearms Act indicates the types of offences/incidents which justify a ?????.

A

Firearms Interest Police (FIP)

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115
Q

includes current or former relationships between opposite sex and same sex partners and include persons who:
 are legally married to one another;
 were previously married to one another;
 are not married, but are currently in a family–type relationship;
 are not married, but were formerly in a family–type relationship;
 have a child in common regardless of whether such persons have been married or lived together at one time, or;
 are (or have ever been) involved in a dating relationship.

A

Intimate Relationship

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116
Q

is a form of courtship by two people who meet and engage in some mutually agreed upon social activity and they may or may not be involved in a sexual relationship. It is also how each person perceives the relationship.

A

Intimate Relationship – Dating

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117
Q

means:
 a person to whom harm was done or who suffered physical or emotional loss as a result of the commission of the offence; and
 where the person described in paragraph (a) is dead, ill or otherwise incapable of making a statement referred to in subsection (1), includes the spouse or common-law partner or any relative of that person, anyone who has in law or fact the custody of that person or is responsible for the care or support of that person or any dependent of that person.

A

Victim

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118
Q

means a program administered by Victim Services Toronto that provides quick financial assistance to victims of homicide, attempted murder, serious physical assault, domestic violence, sexual assault and hate crime in the immediate aftermath of a crime.

A

Victim Quick Response Program

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119
Q

means the program operated by the (Ontario) Ministry of the Attorney General. Services are provided on a priority basis to the most vulnerable victims and witnesses of violent crime; such as domestic violence, child abuse, sexual assault, homicide and hate crime. Families of traffic fatality victims are also eligible. Services begin once police have laid charges and continue until the court case is concluded.

A

Victim/Witness Assistance Program (VWAP)

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120
Q

means an officer assigned to a divisional detective office. In reference to sexual assault investigations means an officer assigned to a divisional investigative unit who is not accredited to investigate complaints of sexual assault.

A

Divisional Investigator

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121
Q

means an officer assigned to a divisional investigative unit who is accredited to investigate complaints of sexual assault.

A

Divisional Sexual Assault Investigator

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122
Q

means a medical care centre designated for the treatment and examination of victims of sexual assault.

A

Sexual Assault Care Centre (SACC)

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123
Q

means a police officer assigned to oversee other members, either temporarily or permanently.

A

Supervisory Officer

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124
Q

means the offence committed by a person who recruits, transports, transfers, receives, holds, conceals or harbours a person, or exercises control, direction or influence over the movements of a person, for the purpose of exploiting them or facilitating their exploitation (also known as Human Trafficking).

A

Trafficking in Persons

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125
Q

means the national database operated by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) for the purpose of linking occurrences of designated offences across Canada.

A

Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System (ViCLAS)

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126
Q

the classification of people as male, female or intersex based on a specific combination of reproductive organs, chromosomes and hormones and assigned at birth based on observation of a person’s genitals.

A

Sex

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127
Q

no person having charge of a child shall
 inflict abuse (physical, sexual or sexual exploitation) on the child; or
 by failing to care and provide for or supervise and protect the child adequately,
- permit the child to suffer abuse or
- permit the child to suffer from a mental, emotional or development condition that, if not remedied, could seriously impair the child’s development.

A

Child Abuse

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128
Q

means a child that can be apprehended as being in need of protection as defined in s.125 (1) of the Child, Youth and Family Services Act.

A

Child in Need of Protection

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129
Q

where the circumstances could be a violation of the Criminal Code and/or render the child in need of protection under the Child, Youth and Family Services Act, and where the alleged abuser (whether adult or child) has responsibility for the care of the child victim. Child Physical Abuse refers to an offence where a child is victimized by an abuser and includes all of the following:
 physical assaults, emotional abuse, or neglect occurrences when the victim is under 18 years of age and the suspect is a caregiver, parent or a person in a position of trust or authority;
 abductions when the victim is under the age of 16 years of age;
 occurrences entitled Child in Need of Protection or Child Left Unattended
 homicides when the victim is under the age of 18 years and the suspect is a caregiver, parent, or person in a position of trust or authority
 physical offences when the victim is under the age of 18 years and there are clear developmental differences between the victim and the suspect.

A

Child Physical Abuse

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130
Q
means the use of a child by an adult for sexual purposes, whether or not consent is alleged to have been given, which could be a violation of the Criminal Code and/or could place a child in need of protection under the Child, Youth and Family Services Act. Child sexual abuse can include:
 incest;
 acts of exposure;
 sexual touching;
 sexual intercourse;
 sexual molestation;
 inappropriate sexual language;
 sexual harassment;
 exhibitionism;
 exploitation of child for pornography or prostitution.
A

Child Sexual Abuse

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131
Q

means a specially trained police officer who is responsible for the criminal investigation of child sexual and physical abuse cases.

A

Designated Child Abuse Investigator

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132
Q

means a trained Children’s Aid Society specialist who is responsible for the child protection investigation and the protection of the child.

A

Designated Children’s Aid Society Worker

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133
Q

means a designated Child Abuse Investigator and a Children’s Aid Society specialist, who shall conduct interviews together and communicate at every stage of the investigation.

A

Team (Child Abuse Investigation)

134
Q

means a criminal offence committed against a person or property that is motivated by hate, bias, or prejudice based on the victim’s race, national or ethnic origin, language, colour, religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity or expression, or on any other similar factor.
This is found in s. 718.2 of the Criminal Code, which contains increased sentencing provisions for the aggravating circumstances.

A

Hate/Bias Crime

135
Q

means any communication that advocates or promotes genocide against any identifiable group or makes statements that are likely to promote hate against any identifiable group because of colour, race, religion, national or ethnic origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or mental or physical disability.
???? offences are found in s. 318 and 319 of the Criminal Code. Advocate genocide and willful promotion of hatred require the permission of the Attorney General to proceed with prosecution.
Public incitement of hatred does not require the consent of the Attorney General.
Intelligence Services – Hate Crime will liaise with the Ministry of the Attorney General and advise the respective detective office when a decision by the Attorney General has been made concerning the commencement of legal proceedings in cases of ????

A

Hate Propaganda

136
Q

means the part of the Organized Crime Enforcement – Integrated Gun & Gang Task Force – Firearms Enforcement Unit, responsible for the verification, testing and tracing of all seized firearms and related components including crime scene evidence. ??? consists of firearm experts who testify in all levels of court, as required. The unit can also assist with expert opinion with respect to video/image analysis and coded language investigations.

A

Firearms Investigation & Analysis Unit (FIAU)

137
Q

means a section of Organized Crime Enforcement – Integrated Gun & Gang Task Force, responsible for investigations into incidents of firearms trafficking and smuggling.

A

Firearms Enforcement Unit (FEU)

138
Q

means any firearm that
 is not legally registered in Canada, or
 has been reported stolen, or
 is being unlawfully possessed, or
 is used in a crime, or
 is suspected to have been used in a crime.

A

Illegally Possessed Firearm

139
Q

means any action, or inaction, that harms or threatens to harm the health or well–being of an elderly person or vulnerable adult by a person in a position of trust or authority. This includes physical/sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial abuse, neglect or any combination thereof.

A

Elder and Vulnerable Adult Abuse

140
Q

for the purposes of Procedure 05–22 means a person over the age of 65.

A

Elderly

141
Q

means physical abuse (includes sexual abuse), psychological abuse, financial abuse, neglect or any combination thereof.

A

Harm

142
Q

means a person unable to independently manage their day–to–day affairs due to cognitive impairment, thus making them vulnerable to abuse.

A

Incapable

143
Q

means any adult who by nature of a physical, emotional or psychological condition is dependent on other persons for care and assistance in day–to–day living.

A

Vulnerable Adult

144
Q

means a co–operative effort between police, the media and the Ministry of Transportation to provide early notification to the public where a person under 18 years of age is believed to have been abducted and where circumstances lead police to believe that the abducted person is in danger of serious bodily harm or death and there is enough descriptive information about the abducted person, and/or the abductor, and/or the abductor’s vehicle to believe an immediate broadcast alert will help in locating the person.

An ???? will have a duration of 5 hours following activation, unless cancelled or extended.

A

AMBER Alert

145
Q

means an order of the Court (Ontario Court of Justice), which sets out the particulars of who shall have custody or access to a child and under what circumstances.

A

Custody Order

146
Q

means the unlawful removal of a child by a person other than a parent, guardian, or person having lawful care or charge of the child.

A

Non-Parental Abduction

147
Q

means the unlawful removal of a child by a parent, guardian, or any other person having lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteen whether or not there is a custody order in relation to that child made by a court, with the intent to deprive a parent, guardian, or person having lawful care or charge of the person.

A

Parental Abduction

148
Q

means an order of the Court (Ontario Court of Justice), which restrains one parent from having contact with the other parent and/or children. This could also include restraining both parents from having contact with their children.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Missing Child Registry means the national registry created and maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to compile data on missing and abducted children. The Toronto Police Service supports the registry and encourages officers to forward pertinent information to the RCMP to assist in matters of both parental and non–parental abduction.

A

Restraining Order

149
Q

means the team from Emergency Management & Public Order (EM&PO), supported by the requesting division, responsible for co–ordinating a Level 3 search for a missing person.

A

Search Management Team

150
Q

means the police officer in charge of Emergency Management & Public Order – Search Management Team.

A

Search Manager

151
Q

means the interval between the time the missing person was last seen and the time they were believed to be missing.

A

Window of Opportunity

152
Q

means an order with conditions issued by a physician to a person which provides that person with psychiatric treatment in the community that is less restrictive than being detained in a facility.

A

Community Treatment Order (CTO)

153
Q

means behaviour that appears to the police to be “to some extent irrational although not unruly”.

A

Disorderly

154
Q

means the police officer responsible for coordinating all Mental Health Act issues within the division; usually the Community Relations Officer.

A

Divisional Mental Health Liaison Officer

155
Q

includes any person who appears to be in a state of crisis or any person who is mentally disordered.

A

Emotionally Disturbed Person (EDP)

156
Q

means an Application by Physician for Psychiatric Assessment signed by a doctor within 7 days of examining the person, giving any person authority to take the person named on the application to a psychiatric facility. A Form 1 is valid for 7 days from and including the day it was signed.

A

Form 1 MHA

157
Q

means a Justice of the Peace Order for Examination directing police officers to take the person in custody to an appropriate psychiatric facility where a physician may order the person detained for examination. A Form 2 is valid for 7 days from and including the day it was signed.

A

Form 2 MHA

158
Q

means an Order for Return of an elopee issued by a psychiatric facility which authorizes a police officer to return the person without their consent to the psychiatric facility. A Form 9 is valid for a period of 1 month after the person is absent without leave.

A

Form 9 MHA

159
Q

means an Order for Examination issued by the physician who issued the person a Community Treatment Order (CTO) and

a) Has reasonable cause to believe the person has failed to comply with the conditions under the CTO
b) the CTO subject or substitute decision–maker has withdrawn consent to the CTO and the subject fails to permit the physician to review their condition within 72 hours and the physician believes the subject may cause harm or suffer deterioration.

A ??? authorizes a police officer to take that person into custody and return them to the physician promptly and is valid for a period of 30 days.

A

Form 47 MHA

160
Q

means any disease or disability of the mind.

A

Mental Disorder

161
Q

means a person who suffers a temporary breakdown of coping skills but often reaches out for help, demonstrating that they are in touch with reality. Once a ???? receives the needed help, there is often a rapid return to normalcy.

A

Person in Crisis

162
Q

means a legally qualified medical practitioner

A

Physician

163
Q

means a facility for the observation, care and treatment of persons suffering from a mental disorder and designated as such by the regulation contained in the Mental Health Act. See Procedure 06-04, Appendix B for a list of designated psychiatric facilities.

A

Psychiatric Facility

164
Q

means a motor vehicle certificate issued by the Unit Commander – Toronto Police College to members who have a valid driver’s license under the Highway Traffic Act and meet Service standards authorizing them to drive specific classes of Service vehicles.

A

Blue Card

165
Q

means a practical, on–the–road driving assessment conducted by the divisional Traffic sergeant, or Traffic Services sergeant, as applicable.

A

Driving Assessment

166
Q

means when a Toronto Police Service vehicle operated by a member intentionally comes into contact with another vehicle, person or object thus using the vehicle as a tool to stop a threat.

A

Intentional Contact

167
Q

means a Service vehicle used primarily by uniformed officers that:
 is clearly marked with Toronto Police Service decals along with the word “police” and is equipped with “overhead” emergency lighting visible from 360 degrees and has a forward-facing electronic siren
 meets the minimum requirements as set out in the Highway Traffic Act for an emergency vehicle, as well as Ontario Regulation 926 and Policing Standards Manual (Adequacy Standards) AI–008 for general patrol vehicles..

A

Marked Vehicle

168
Q

means every person operating a motor vehicle or streetcar involved directly or indirectly in a collision that results in personal injury, death, or property damage exceeding $2000, is required to report and furnish information forthwith to the nearest police officer in accordance with the Highway Traffic Act.

A

Reportable Collision

169
Q

means any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or bicycle owned or operated by the Service and used to perform duties on behalf of the Service. This includes vehicles leased, owned, or rented by or loaned to the Service, or a Service trailer which is towed by a Service vehicle

A

Service Vehicle

170
Q

means a vehicle collision involving a Toronto Police Service vehicle where involvement is direct or indirect.

A

Service Vehicle Collision (SVC)

171
Q

means a panel consisting of, but not limited to, the Unit Commander and/or Designate from:
 Professional Standards Support
 Traffic Services
 Toronto Police College
with the mandate to monitor Toronto Police Service vehicle collisions for trend analysis, problem identification, quality assurance and training issues, and report its findings to the Chief of Police.

A

Service Vehicle Collision Reduction Committee (SVCRC)

172
Q

means a program managed by Professional Standards Support which monitors Toronto Police Service vehicle collisions for trend analysis, problem identification, quality assurance and training issues.

A

Service Vehicle Collision Reduction Program (SVCR Program)

173
Q

means a report conssting of:
 a SRLD401
 a copy of the traffic officer’s memorandum book notes and/or field notes
 witness statements, if applicable
 a copy of the involved member’s memorandum book notes or TPS 649
 a TPS 559

A

Service Vehicle Collision Report (SVCR)

174
Q

means a report consisting of:
 a SRLD401
 a copy of the traffic officer’s memorandum book notes and/or field notes
 witness statements, if applicable
 a copy of the involved member’s memorandum book notes or TPS 649
 a TPS 559

A

Service Vehicle Collision Report (SVCR)

175
Q

means any vehicle owned or operated by the Toronto Police Service (Service) without the identifying decals of the Service or emergency lighting system. It includes motor vehicles leased, owned or rented by or loaned to the Service. Most ????? are equipped with a hand operated identification lamp bearing the words “POLICE-STOP”.

A

Unmarked Vehicle

176
Q

means a member of the cadre of on-call Toronto Police Service uniform senior officers that acts as the designated authority and manages the SIU event in the field on behalf of the Chief.

A

Chief’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU) On-Call Designated Authority

177
Q

means the team consisting of Peer Support Volunteers coordinated through the Service to respond to incidents where critical incident stress may occur and to assist members and their families to cope after becoming involved in a traumatic critical incident.

A

Critical Incident Response Team (CIRT)

178
Q

means physical and psychological symptoms experienced by a member as a result of being involved in a traumatic critical incident.

A

Critical Incident Stress

179
Q

means a scheduled formal meeting specifically set up for members directly involved in the traumatic critical incident to discuss reactions to the traumatic event in confidence with a qualified mental health professional. The ???? takes place a few days after the conclusion of the traumatic critical incident, in a secure location where disruptions can be eliminated and can last up to 2.5 hours. The Employee Family Assistance Program Liaison/Critical Incident Response Team (CIRT) Coordinator will work with the Officer in Charge, CIRT Peer Support Volunteer and/or the qualified mental health professional to schedule the session. Attendance is mandatory for the members directly involved but active participation in the discussion is voluntary.

A

Debriefing Session

180
Q

means an immediate informal meeting attended by an individual or a group of members involved in a traumatic critical incident to assess the need for further assistance prior to the end of shift. The ???? takes place immediately after the conclusion of the traumatic critical incident in a secure location where disruptions can be eliminated and lasts for approximately 15 to 30 minutes. Two Peer Support Volunteers normally lead these meetings with Employee Family Assistance Program support if necessary. Attendance is mandatory but active participation in the discussion is voluntary.
???? sessions may be conducted by a mental health professional assisted by members of the Critical Incident Response Team and are not operational debriefings.

A

Defusing Session

181
Q

means a Service member trained in trauma response measures and available on-call to provide ongoing assistance and support to members and their families after becoming involved in a traumatic critical incident. PSVs are qualified to lead defusing sessions. ???? are not counsellors. The ???? will assist members to seek professional treatment, if required.

A

Peer Support Volunteer (PSV)

182
Q

means a session involving firearm exercises undertaken with a qualified firearms instructor. This session does NOT consist of a qualification standard and is NOT an operational debriefing. Rather, a ??? consists of an individual course of fire intended to be educational, to provide reassurance, and to promote officers’ confidence with their firearm after an officer-involved shooting incident. The ???? exposure session will take place prior to being returned to full duties after a shooting incident.

A

Post Incident Firearm Exposure Session

183
Q

means the assistance provided by the Employee and Family Assistance Program provider or Psychological Services to members and their families in locating a community mental health professional or other service suitable to the presenting difficulty

A

Referral

184
Q

means any incident during which a member experiences, witnesses, or is confronted with serious injury, death, or mass casualties; any incident in which the member’s life has been imperiled or threatened; or any situation which is recognized at the time to have the potential to significantly interfere immediately or at a later time with a member’s ability to function professionally or personally.

A

Traumatic Critical Incident

185
Q

means a member of a College regulated under the Regulated Health Professions Act

A

Health Care Professional

186
Q

means modifying the workplace environment or the functions of a position to enable a member needing medically supported accommodation to perform the essential duties of the position or the essential duties of an alternative available position for which the member is qualified.

A

Medical Accommodation

187
Q

means a licensed, qualified medical practitioner engaged by the Toronto Police Service

A

Medical Advisor

188
Q

for the purposes of a member seeking help for a substance abuse problem, means work that is modified to permit a member with a disability to work in accordance with limitations imposed by the Medical Advisor – Wellness – Medical Advisory Services.

A

Restricted Duties (Substance Abuse)

189
Q

means an illness/injury that is not work related but which prevents a member from working or completing a tour of duty.

A

Sickness

190
Q

means any physical, sexual or psychological harm caused, or attempted, between persons involved in an intimate relationship including:
 assault;
 murder;
 sexual assault;
 threatening;
 harassment;
 intimidation;
 unlawful interference with personal liberty;
 any other criminal offence;
 offences under other statutes, such as the Family Law Act, Children’s Law Reform Act, etc.;
but does not include child abuse investigations.

A

Domestic Violence

191
Q

means a partner from a current or former intimate relationship.

A

Intimate Partner

192
Q

includes current or former relationships between opposite sex and same sex partners and include persons who:
 are legally married to one another;
 were previously married to one another;
 are not married, but are currently in a family–type relationship;
 are not married, but were formerly in a family–type relationship;
 have a child in common regardless of whether such persons have been married or lived together at one time, or;
 are (or have ever been) involved in a dating relationship.

A

Intimate Relationship

193
Q

means any person who performs work or supplies services for monetary compensation, and includes a contractor or a volunteer such as an auxiliary member

A

Worker

194
Q

means any land, premises, location or thing at, upon, in or near, which Service business is being conducted. This can include, but is not limited to:
 Service facilities/buildings
 Service vehicles
 courthouses
 any other location where Service business is being conducted.

A

Workplace

195
Q

means the exercise of physical force, or attempt, by a person against a worker in a workplace that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker. This includes a statement or behaviour that it is reasonable for the worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker.

A

Workplace Violence

196
Q

means engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct that is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome, or workplace sexual harassment. Harassment may be a one-time incident or repeated incidents. Workplace harassment does not include discipline or performance management.

A

Workplace Harassment

197
Q

means engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct against a worker in a workplace because of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression, where the course of comment or conduct is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome, or making a sexual solicitation or advance where the person making the solicitation or advance is in a position to confer, grant or deny a benefit or advancement to the worker and the person knows or ought reasonably to know that the solicitation or advance is unwelcome

A

Workplace Sexual Harassment

198
Q

means that a member is mentally, emotionally and physically able to safely and competently perform assigned duties, without any limitations attributable, but not limited to, illness, injury, fatigue, mental stress or the use and/or after effects of alcohol or drugs

A

Fitness For Duty

199
Q

means property belonging to the prisoner, that has been removed from their possession, which is to be returned upon release from custody.

A

Returnable Property

200
Q

means the approach or point of entrance to the scene.

A

Access

201
Q

means a place near the scene of an emergency incident where members report for instructions and information. The ???? should be located at a safe distance and near other emergency services ???.

A

Command Post

202
Q

means the exit or way out of the scene.

A

Egress

203
Q

means a situation or an impending situation that constitutes a danger of major proportions that could result in serious harm to persons or substantial damage to property and that is caused by the forces of nature, a disease or other health risk, an accident or an act whether intentional or otherwise.
(Source: Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act, S. 1).

A

Emergency

204
Q

means a facility operated by the City of Toronto specifically established to conduct the overall management of an emergency. The Toronto Police Service is one of many agencies represented. The Toronto ??? is located at 703 Don Mills Road, 6th Floor.

A

Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)

205
Q

is a committee, chaired by the Staff Superintendent – Public Safety Operations, comprised of subject matter experts from every command pillar within the Toronto Police Service (Service). The ??? focus is on mitigation, preparedness planning, response and recovery; ensuring appropriate planning, investigative and response capabilities are available within the Service.

A

Emergency Preparedness Committee (EPC)

206
Q

means that all movement in and out of the school is restricted and external doors locked, however, movement within the school is not restricted as the external danger near the school poses no immediate threat to the students or staff unless they leave the building

A

Hold and Secure

207
Q

means the police officer who has taken charge of the incident and who is in charge at the Command Post and, in conjunction with other emergency services commanders, is responsible for coordinating and managing police response at an incident.

A

Incident Commander

208
Q

means Toronto Police Service Senior Officers who have been trained as incident commanders and are available 24/7 on an on–call basis and may be activated through the Inspector – Emergency Management & Public Order (EM&PO).

A

Incident Commander Cadre (ICC)

209
Q

means the model of police on–site response to emergencies and disasters based on the Incident Command System, adopted by the Province of Ontario. The ??? provides the functional infrastructure necessary for the appropriate and efficient use of police resources.

A

Incident Management System (IMS)

210
Q

means Service members trained in IMS whose responsibilities are to attend the command post and manage site operations for Level 2 – Major Incidents and Level 3 – Disaster Incidents. Emergency Management & Public Order maintains a list of qualified team members.

A

Incident Management Team (IMT)

211
Q

means the general response activities and resources to mitigate the situation of any incident. Members respond quickly to the report of an emergency situation to gather information, assess the situation, and determine whether additional members and specialized response is required. Many emergency incidents are resolved within a short period of time, using resources available at the divisional level

A

Level 1 – Emergency Response

212
Q

means an emergency incident which exceeds a division’s normal operational resources and requires additional support, or multiple agency co–ordination at the site and some degree of external support. ????? may continue for an extended period of time and require a site Command Post and/or the Major Incident Command Centre (MICC).

A

Level 2 – Major Incident

213
Q

means an incident that may affect a significant portion of the population, may continue for a long period of time and may require an extensive recovery period. Response to a disaster may require the activation of the Major Incident Command Centre (MICC), the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC), political direction and support, and the official declaration of a disaster in accordance with Municipal Code 59 and the provincial Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act

A

Level 3 – Disaster Incident

214
Q

means that all movement in and out of the school and within the school is restricted as the danger is inside the school or is on school property and poses an immediate threat to the students or staff.

A

Lockdown

215
Q

means the facility specifically established to coordinate the Service’s operational response to a major event or emergency. Emergency Management and Public Order (EM&PO) – Public Safety is tasked by Public Safety Operations with the care, maintenance and oversight of the ???? during operational periods. The ??? is located at Toronto Police Headquarters, 40 College Street, 12th Floor. However, it may be temporarily located offsite pending the unique circumstances of the major event or emergency.

A

Major Incident Command Centre (MICC)

216
Q

means a member of Corporate Communications who has been authorized by the Unit Commander – Corporate Communications to release information to the media.

A

Material

217
Q

includes the Chief of Police, Command Officers, Staff Superintendents and Directors, and any other member as determined by the Chief of Police.

A

Senior Management Team (SMT)

218
Q

requires that people enter and remain in a building with the doors and windows closed due to an external environmental threat. Fans, including heating and air conditioning units, should be turned off to prevent air from outside entering the building. Normal operations may continue within the building.

A

Shelter in Place

219
Q

means a determined off–site location where responding personnel and appropriate equipment initially report to await details before entering the emergency site itself.

A

Staging

220
Q

means a committee comprised of the Mayor and key representatives from local boards, city agencies, and other agencies and organizations, responsible for the overall management of Level 3 – Disaster Incidents. During these emergencies, this group is collectively responsible for the direction and co–ordination of emergency response operations within the City.

A

Toronto Emergency Management Program Committee (TEMPC)

221
Q

means a team of people representing involved agencies with responsibility for the incident, which jointly provide management direction to an incident through a common set of incident objectives and strategies established at the command level. [Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)].

A

Unified Command

222
Q

means any police officer who has completed the appropriate training as approved by the Chief of Police to maintain the appropriate knowledge, skills and abilities to perform their work.

A

Police Explosive Technician

223
Q

means a member of Specialized Emergency Response – Emergency Task Force (ETF) who has completed an Incident Commanders Hostage/Barricaded Persons course at the Canadian Police College, or other recognized Police training agency.

A

ETF Tactical Commander

224
Q

means the criminal use of violence, intimidation or coercion, or the threat of such violence to influence the behaviour of others by a terrorist activity.

A

Terrorism

225
Q

means the entire area of the incident, including both the inner and outer perimeters.

A

Scene

226
Q

means, urgent, pressing and/or emergency circumstances. In reference to an emergency or hazardous incident, ??? may include a bomb threat, a person possessing or using a weapon, or a fire on school property.

A

Exigent Circumstances

227
Q

means that all movement in and out of the school is restricted and external doors locked, however, movement within the school is not restricted as the external danger near the school poses no immediate threat to the students or staff unless they leave the building.

A

Hold and Secure

228
Q

means that if there is an immediate threat to life in a school, officers shall enter the school to stop the threat in accordance with training

A

Immediate Rapid Response

229
Q

means that all movement in and out of the school and within the school is restricted as the danger is inside the school or is on school property and poses an immediate threat to the students or staff.

A

Lockdown

230
Q

means a location where parents can initially report to and await details. Usually positioned off-site from the immediate emergency or threat. Ideally separate and exclusive from the emergency responders, equipment and media.

A

Parent Staging Area

231
Q

means a form outlining the status of the investigation to the Office of the Independent Police Review (OIPRD).

A

45-Day Status Update Form (004-0306 OIPRD)

232
Q

means mediation, conciliation, negotiation or any other means of facilitating the resolution of issues in dispute by a third party off site meeting.
Association means the Toronto Police Association or the Toronto Police Senior Officers’ Organization.

A

Alternative Dispute Resolution

233
Q

in reference to complaints administration means correspondence, other than the TPS 901 or OIPRD form associated to a given complaint, which would include internal correspondence, facsimile, a letter written by the complainant, or any other relevant document.

A

Attachments

234
Q

means any Service employee who is not a police officer, including employees classified as:
 permanent;
 temporary;
 part–time;
 summer help;
 participants in the co–operative education program.

A

Civilian Member

235
Q

means an Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD) process to handle complaints prior to engaging the screening process. All matters suitable for a ???? will be referred to Professional Standards by the OIPRD. These matters can be resolved by an agreement between all parties in lieu of a complaint being formalized by the OIPRD. No record of a ??? shall be placed in a police officer’s personnel file.

A

Customer Service Resolution

236
Q

means an allegation made by a member of the public:
 in writing and signed on the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD) form; and,
 delivered to any Toronto Police Service (Service) facility or the OIPRD personally or by an agent, by mail, facsimile or by electronic mail (e–mail); and,
 must concern the policies of, or the services provided by the Service or the conduct of a police officer; and,
 classified by the OIPRD.

A

External Complaint

237
Q

in reference to external complaints means where the conduct is deemed less serious and can be resolved through agreement from all parties after an OIPRD complaint has been lodged.

A

Informal Resolution (External)

238
Q

in reference to complaints means a supervisor assigned to investigate a complaint and includes a Unit Complaint Co–ordinator (UCC).

A

Investigating Supervisor

239
Q

means a brief similar in content to a crown brief, in that it should be bound, the pages numbered sequentially, and include all video and audio recordings, or other electronic recordings, along with a transcript of same, and should be in a format as defined by Professional Standards Support – Prosecution Services.

A

Investigative Brief

240
Q

means when a local resolution process has commenced but is not completed, (e.g., complainant refuses to complete/sign a local resolution form).

A

Local Inquiry

241
Q

means the agreement that is reached between all parties when an external complaint is made directly to a police officer in lieu of being lodged with the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD). No record of a local resolution shall be placed in a police officer’s personnel file.

A

Local Resolution

242
Q

means an independent civilian agency responsible for receiving, managing and overseeing all public complaints about the police in Ontario in accordance with the Police Services Act.

A

Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD)

243
Q

means a Senior Officer of the Toronto Police Service designated by the Chief of Police to act as the liaison with the OIPRD relating to conduct investigations and adjudications.

A

Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD) Liaison Officer

244
Q

means an independent oversight agency and is the appeal body for decisions made at police disciplinary proceedings.

A

Ontario Civilian Police Commission (OCPC)

245
Q

??? includes:
 a person making a complaint under Part V of the Police Services Act
 a police officer who is a witness officer in a complaint filed by a member of the public under Part V of the Police Services Act
 the Chief of Police of the police service to which the complaint relates
or
 in the case of a complaint against the Chief of Police, the Police Services Board of the police service to which the complaint relates, and
 may include any person added as a party by the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD).

A

Party to a Complaint

246
Q

in reference to complaints means a report outlining the circumstances and investigative results of a complaint in the prescribed format as defined by the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD).

A

Report of Investigation (004-0309 OIPRD)

247
Q

means a police officer who is the subject of a complaint filed by a member of the public under Part V of the Police Services Act, and may include a Chief of Police or Deputy Chief of Police.

A

Respondent Officer

248
Q

means a matter that, at the discretion of the Chief of Police, is of public interest to be dealt with as a complaint under Part V of the Police Services Act. A serious complaint, if substantiated, must go to a disciplinary hearing.

A

Serious Complaint Allegation

249
Q

in reference to complaints means an issue identified during the course of the investigation concerning the policies or the services provided by the Toronto Police Service or the conduct of a police officer or a civilian member, which is not part of the original complaint.

A

Side Issue

250
Q

in reference to complaints means, based on the results of the investigation, there are reasonable grounds to believe the conduct of a police officer or civilian member constitutes misconduct.

A

Substantiated

251
Q

in reference to complaints means a matter where:
 insufficient evidence exists to support the allegation
 evidence exists that, if believed, would not constitute misconduct
 the identification of the police officer involved cannot be established

A

Unsubstantiated

252
Q

in reference to complaints means a police officer who is not the respondent of a complaint

A

Witness Officer

253
Q

means the Toronto Police Association or the Toronto Police Senior Officers’ Organization.

A

Association

254
Q

in reference to internal complaints means if, at the conclusion of the investigation and upon review of the written report, the Unit Commander is of the opinion that there was misconduct and/or unsatisfactory work performance but that it was not of a serious nature, the Unit Commander may resolve the matter informally.

A

Informal Resolution (Internal)

255
Q

means an allegation from internal sources concerning the conduct of a police officer, or the policies or the services provided by the Toronto Police Service.

A

Internal Complaint

256
Q

means a brief similar in content to a crown brief, in that it should be bound, the pages numbered sequentially, and include all video and audio recordings, or other electronic recordings, along with a transcript of same, and should be in a format as defined by Professional Standards Support – Prosecution Services.

A

Investigative Brief

257
Q

means the protected grounds under the Ontario Human Rights Code for which a person cannot discriminate. These include: age, ancestry, citizenship, colour, creed, disability, ethnic origin, family status, gender expression, gender identity, marital status (including single status), place of origin, race, receipt of public assistance (in housing only), record of offences (in employment only), sex (including discrimination based on pregnancy and breastfeeding), and sexual orientation.

A

Prohibited Grounds

258
Q

in reference to complaints means a report outlining the circumstances and investigative results of a complaint in the prescribed format as defined by the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD).

A

Report of Investigation (004-0309 OIPRD)

259
Q

in reference to complaints means a report outlining the circumstances and investigative results of a complaint in a prescribed format as defined by Professional Standards – Complaints Administration.

A

Report of Investigation (Internal)

260
Q

in reference to complaints means a police officer who is alleged to have engaged in misconduct by an act or omission where a complaint has been made and the officer has been so designated by the investigating supervisor.

A

Subject Officer

261
Q

in reference to complaints means, based on the results of the investigation, there are reasonable grounds to believe the conduct of a police officer or civilian member constitutes misconduct.

A

Substantiated

262
Q

in reference to complaints means a matter where:
 insufficient evidence exists to support the allegation
 evidence exists that, if believed, would not constitute misconduct or substantiated complaint
 the identification of the police officer involved cannot be established

A

Unsubstantiated

263
Q

in reference to complaints means a police officer who is not the respondent of a complaint.

A

Witness Officer

264
Q

in reference to the civilian complaint and discipline process means an allegation made by a member of the public concerning the conduct of a civilian member

A

External Complaint – Civilian

265
Q

in reference to internal complaints means if, at the conclusion of the investigation and upon review of the written report, the unit commander is of the opinion that there was misconduct and/or unsatisfactory work performance but that it was not of a serious nature, the unit commander may resolve the matter informally.

A

Informal Resolution (Internal)

266
Q

in reference to the civilian complaint and discipline process means an allegation from internal sources concerning the conduct of a civilian member, or the policies or the services provided by the Toronto Police Service.

A

Internal Complaint – Civilian

267
Q

unless otherwise specified,
 for the purposes of the Standards of Conduct means any police officer, or any civilian member, or any auxiliary member;
 for the purposes of the Service Procedures means any police officer, or any civilian member.

A

Member

268
Q

means the act of correcting a fault or deficiency and is often referred to as a remedy

A

Remediation

269
Q

in reference to complaints means a report outlining the circumstances and investigative results of a complaint in a prescribed format as defined by Professional Standards – Complaints Administration.

A

Report of Investigation (Internal)

270
Q

in reference to the civilian complaint and discipline process means a civilian member who is alleged to have engaged in misconduct by an act or omission where a complaint has been made and the member has been so designated by the investigating supervisor.

A

Subject Member

271
Q

in reference to complaints means a civilian member who is not the subject of a complaint

A

Witness Member

272
Q

means providing accommodation to persons with any disability, as defined in the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act

A

Accommodation Factor

273
Q

means anything that prevents a person with a disability from fully participating in all aspects of society because of their disability, including a physical barrier, an architectural barrier, an information or communications barrier, an attitudinal barrier, a technological barrier, a policy or a practice

A

Barrier

274
Q

means the manner in which members manage their time, workload, and work environment

A

Individual Work Practices

275
Q

means the supervisory practices used to control the work environment and to assign tasks, and the methods used to communicate standards. Also includes the manner in which training needs are met and equipment issues are resolved.

A

Management Practices

276
Q

means the supervisor who directly oversees a member’s supervisor

A

Second–Level Supervisor

277
Q

???? includes:
 Police Services Board Policies and By-laws
 Toronto Police Service Collective Agreements
 Standards of Conduct
 Service Governance Definitions
 Policy and Procedure Manual
 Routine Orders
 specialized manuals issued by the Chief of Police
 unit-specific policies issued by their Unit Commander
 CPIC messages, and
 directions from a superior.

A

Service Governance

278
Q

in reference to work performance means a two–part process involving an initial interview with the unit commander about management practices and/or accommodation factors, and a second phase that may include heightened monitoring of performance beyond the annual evaluation to improve an individual’s work performance.

A

Special Review

279
Q

means the tasks associated with a primary task defined in a civilian job description that are too numerous to list.

A

Sundry Duties

280
Q

means a failure to meet an established standard and may involve a single event, or the cumulative effect of a number of less serious events

A

Unsatisfactory Work Performance

281
Q

means a failure to meet an established standard and may involve a single event, or the cumulative effect of a number of less serious events

A

Work Performance Deficiency

282
Q

in reference to human rights complaints means the person initiating a Human Rights Code complaint

A

Complainant

283
Q

means any distinction, conduct or action, either by intention or not, on the basis of any prohibited ground under the Human Rights Code, which has the impact of excluding persons, denying benefits or imposing burdens on an individual or group, which are not imposed on others or which withholds or limits access to benefits available to others.

A

Discrimination

284
Q

: the set of socially classified behaviours, attitudes and norms associated with and roles of men, women, trans people, non-binary people and more. Encompasses gender identity, a person’s internal sense of being a man, woman, both or neither.

A

Gender

285
Q

is how a person publicly presents their gender. This can include behaviour and outward appearance such as dress, hair, make-up, body language and voice. A person’s chosen name and pronoun are also common and important ways of expressing gender

A

Gender Expression

286
Q

is each person’s internal and individual experience of gender. It is their sense of being a woman, a man, both, neither, or anywhere along or beyond the gender spectrum. A person’s gender identity may be the same as or different from the typical pairing with their birth-assigned sex. Gender identity is fundamentally different from a person’s sexual orientation.

A

Gender identity

287
Q

means engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct that is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome.

A

Harassment

288
Q

means an alleged violation of a prohibited ground under the Human Rights Code.

A

Human Rights Complaint

289
Q

means the independent provincial government agency who receives Human Rights Code complaint applications and assists parties to resolve complaints through mediation and/or a hearing.

A

Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO)

290
Q

means the possession, reproduction, circulation, dissemination, publication or posting of any material that may be considered offensive or insensitive under the Human Rights Code in any area of a Toronto Police Service facility.

A

Offensive Material

291
Q

means an independent government agency that provides leadership for the promotion, protection and advancement of human rights and builds partnerships across the human rights system (but does not receive Human Rights Code complaints).

A

Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC)

292
Q

means harassing or discriminatory behaviours, that are sufficiently severe and/or pervasive, that causes significant and unreasonable interference to a member’s work environment. A poisoned/toxic work environment can interfere with and/or undermine work performance and can cause emotional and psychological stress not experienced by other members. As such, it results in unequal terms and conditions of employment and prevents or impairs full and equal enjoyment of employment, benefits, or opportunities.

A

Poisoned/Toxic Work Environment

293
Q

occurs when a member of a police service inappropriately considers race or ethnicity in deciding how and with whom to intervene in an enforcement capacity. Racial Biased Policing includes racial profiling.

A

Racially Biased Policing

294
Q

means that particular roles and characteristics are attributed to people on the basis of a prohibited ground under the Human Rights Code.

A

Stereotyping

295
Q

means policies or practices in the workplace that create or perpetuate a position of relative disadvantage for some individuals/groups, on the basis of prohibited grounds

A

Systemic Discrimination

296
Q

is an umbrella term referring to people with diverse gender identities and expressions that differ from their assigned sex at birth. It includes but is not limited to people who identify as transgender, trans woman (someone assigned male at birth who knows themself to be a woman), trans man (someone assigned female at birth who knows themself to be a man), non-binary, gender non-conforming, gender variant or gender queer. Some people may consider two-spirit to be a trans identity. Trans persons may or may not make a social transition, have surgery, use prosthetic devices or take prescription medications (such as hormone therapies), to affirm their gender identity. They may or may not have identity documents that reflect their lived identity.

A

Trans

297
Q

means a police investigation to review the policies of, or services provided by the Service and the conduct of its police officers

A

Administrative Investigation

298
Q

means a member of the cadre of on-call Toronto Police Service uniform senior officers that acts as the designated authority and manages the SIU event in the field on behalf of the Chief.

A

Chief’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU) On-Call Designated Authority

299
Q

means a uniform senior officer of the Toronto Police Service designated, in writing, by the Chief of Police to act as the main liaison with the SIU in all matters relating to SIU investigations. The Chief’s SIU Liaison Officer oversees the Chief’s SIU On-Call Designated Authority Cadre and Professional Standards Support SIU Liaison Section while in the field.

A

Chief’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU) Liaison Officer

300
Q

means the investigator assigned to the Professional Standards Support - SIU Liaison Section that support the Chief’s SIU On-Call Designated Authority and oversees all investigations required under Section 11 of Ontario Regulation

A

Professional Standards Support Special Investigations (SIU) Liaison Investigator

301
Q

in reference to Special Investigations Unit investigations, a person sustains serious injury if they:
 sustain an injury as a result of which they are admitted to a hospital;
 suffer a fracture to the skull, limb, rib, or vertebra;
 suffer burns to a significant proportion of their body
 lose any portion of their body;
 as a result of an injury, experience a loss of vision or hearing; or
 sustains a prescribed injury.

A

Serious Injury

302
Q

means that the SIU Director may cause an investigation to be conducted into any incident in which any of the following occurs, if the incident may have resulted from the criminal conduct of a Service official:
 the death of a person
 the serious injury of a person
 the discharge of a firearm at a person
 the sexual assault of a person, as reported by the person.

The SIU Director may cause an investigation to be conducted if, at the time of the incident,
 the official was on duty; or
 the official was off-duty but - engaged in the investigation, pursuit, detention or arrest of a person or otherwise exercised the powers of a police officer, special constable, peace officer or other prescribed person, as the case may be, whether or not the official intended to exercise such powers or identified him or herself as a person who may exercise such powers, or
- the incident involved equipment or other property issued to the official in relation to his or her duties.

A

Special Investigations Unit (SIU) Mandate

303
Q

means any conduct that is contrary to or a breach of any Legislative or Service Governance or the Police Services Act.

A

Misconduct

304
Q

???? means a range
 operated by the Service, or;
 operated by another Ontario police service, or;
 that is a privately owned and provincially approved shooting range, or;
 operated by the Department of National Defence (DND).

A

Authorized Range

305
Q

means a weapon that primarily uses propelled wires to conduct energy that affects the sensory and/or motor functions of the central nervous system.

A

Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW)

306
Q

means when a Service member, other than at an authorized range or under the exemption provisions, discharges a firearm in the performance of their duty, or discharges an issued firearm at any time, intentionally or unintentionally.

A

Firearm Discharge

307
Q

means a detective or detective sergeant assigned to Professional Standards who has completed the accredited Firearm Discharge Investigators Course

A

Firearm Discharge Investigator (FDI)

308
Q

means a firearm that is designed, altered or intended to be aimed and fired by the action of one hand

A

Handgun

309
Q

means information derived from a member making a determination with respect to the race of an individual by observation, solely on the basis of that member’s own perception.

A

Service Members’ Perception Data m

310
Q

means a panel consisting of, but not limited to the:
 Unit Commander or designate – Specialized Emergency Response – Emergency Task Force
 Unit Commander or designate – Corporate Risk Management
 Section Head – Toronto Police College (TPC) – Armament Section
 Section Head – TPC – In–Service Training Section
 Training Analyst – TPC – Armament Section
 Representative – East Field
 Representative – West Field
 Representative – Emergency Management & Public Order – Public Safety

whose mandate it is to
 review incidents other than those listed in the exempted areas, where force was used by members of the Service
 assess the effectiveness of the Service’s training, practices and associated Service Governance, and report its findings to the Senior Management Team (SMT).

A

Incident Review Committee (IRC)

311
Q

means an unintentional discharge of a service firearm or less lethal shotgun by a police officer that is not the result of undue care and attention to the prescribed safe handling procedures.

A

Accidental Discharge

312
Q

means the manner in which a gun is loaded, in accordance with training, to ensure safety

A

Administrative Load

313
Q

means a member of the cadre of on-call Toronto Police Service uniform senior officers that acts as the designated authority and manages the SIU event in the field on behalf of the Chief.

A

Chief’s Special Investigations Unit (SIU) On-Call Designated Authority

314
Q

means an intentional or unintentional discharge of a service firearm or less lethal shotgun by a police officer that is the result of undue care and attention to the prescribed safe handling procedures

A

Negligent Discharge

315
Q

means an unintentional discharge of a Service CEW by a police officer that is not the result of undue care and attention to the prescribed safe handling procedures.

A

Accidental Discharge of a CEW

316
Q

means a weapon that primarily uses propelled wires to conduct energy that affects the sensory and/or motor functions of the central nervous system.

A

Conducted Energy Weapon (CEW)

317
Q

means Demonstrated Force Presence, Drive Stun Mode, Full Deployment, or an unintentional discharge.

A

Conducted Energy Weapon Use

318
Q

means that the conducted energy weapon is un-holstered and displayed in the presence of a subject with the intention to achieve behaviour compliance.

A

Demonstrated Force Presence (DFP)

319
Q

means when the conducted energy weapon is placed in direct contact with the subject and the current is applied without the probes being propelled.

A

Drive Stun Mode (DSM)

320
Q

means the conducted energy weapon is used wherein the probes are fired at a subject and the electrical pulse applied. In this mode, the device is designed to override the subject’s nervous system and affect both the sensory and motor functions causing incapacitation.

A

Full Deployment (FD)

321
Q

means an intentional or unintentional discharge of a Service CEW by a police officer that is the result of undue care and attention to the prescribed safe handling procedures.

A

Negligent Discharge of a CEW

322
Q

means the discontinuation of a pursuit when police officers are no longer pursuing a fleeing motor vehicle for the purpose of stopping or identifying the fleeing motor vehicle or an individual in the fleeing motor vehicle.

A

Abandon Pursuit

323
Q

means a Service vehicle used primarily by uniformed officers that:

  • is clearly marked with Toronto Police Service decals along with the word “police” and is equipped with “overhead” emergency lighting visible from 360 degrees and has a forward-facing electronic siren
  • meets the minimum requirements as set out in the Highway Traffic Act for an emergency vehicle, as well as Ontario Regulation 926 and Policing Standards Manual (Adequacy Standards) AI–008 for general patrol vehicles.
A

Marked Vehicle

324
Q

means a communications supervisor or, if unavailable, a road supervisory officer monitoring the pursuit

A

Pursuit Supervisor

325
Q

occurs when a police officer attempts to direct the driver of a motor vehicle to stop, the driver refuses to obey the police officer, and the police officer pursues in a motor vehicle for the purpose of stopping the fleeing motor vehicle, or identifying the fleeing motor vehicle, or an individual in the fleeing motor vehicle

A

Suspect Apprehension Pursuit (Pursuit)

326
Q

in reference to pursuits, means all vehicles, other than a marked police vehicle, that are owned or operated by the Service. This includes vehicles commonly known as “stealth” vehicles and “clean top” vehicles.

A

Unmarked Police Vehicle

327
Q

refers to the standards set by the Service with respect to hair, sideburns, beards, goatees, moustache, jewelry and clothing

A

Appearance Standards

328
Q

in reference to uniform, equipment and appearance standards, includes a police officer, civilian member, and auxiliary member.

A

Member – Uniform & Equipment

329
Q

means an area in a police facility which has been designated by the Unit Commander as restricted access and which cannot be accessed or viewed by the public

A

Secure Area

330
Q

means any vehicle, vessel, aircraft or bicycle owned or operated by the Service and used to perform duties on behalf of the Service. This includes vehicles leased, owned, or rented by or loaned to the Service, or a Service trailer which is towed by a Service vehicle.

A

Service Vehicle

331
Q

means a networked automated video solution that creates, stores, manages, and distributes video evidence via the Video Services Unit. DVAMS assets can be viewed and disclosure ordered from any workstation on the Toronto Police Service network.

A

Digital Video Asset Management System (DVAMS)

332
Q

means any in–car recording equipment that captures audio and visual signals, and may also be referred to as a Mobile Video Recording System.

A

In-Car Camera System (ICCS)