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physics AS > definitions > Flashcards

definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Precision

A
  • determined of the range in the values
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2
Q

Accuracy

A
  • determined by the closeness of the values to the true value
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3
Q

High Precision

A
  • measurements have a small range
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4
Q

Low Precision

A
  • measurements have large range
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5
Q

Low accuracy

A
  • the average of the measurements are not close to the

true value

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6
Q

Systematic Error

A
  • constant error in all readings
  • cannot be eliminated by averaging
  • eg: zero error of measuring apparatus
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7
Q

Randon Error

A
  • readings scatter equally about the true value
  • errors can be eliminated by averaging
  • eg: readings taken from different angles
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8
Q

Mass of a body

A
  • mass is the quantity of matter in a body
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9
Q

weight

A

The force due to the gravitational field

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10
Q

Displacement

A

Distance from a fixed point in a specific direction

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11
Q

Linear momentum

A

mass x velocity

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12
Q

Torque of a couple

A

Product of force and perpendicular distance between 2 forces

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13
Q

Principle of moments

A

for a body in rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moment about a point is equal to sum of anti-clockwise moment about the same point

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14
Q

Pressure

A

Force acting perpendicularly to unit of surface area

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15
Q

Elastic limit

A

Elastic limit is a point beyond which the spring does not return to its original length when the load is removed

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16
Q

Ultimate Tensile Stress

A

The maximum value of the ratio force to the original cross-sectional area where the wire is able to support

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17
Q

Elastic Deformation

A

Change of shape or dimension and returns to original shape or size when the force applied is removed

18
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

When the load is removed, the body does not return to original shape/length

19
Q

Internal Energy

A

Sum of random kinetic energy and potential energy of the atom

20
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy available to do work

21
Q

Elastic Potential Energy / Strain Energy

A

Energy stored in body due to deformation

22
Q

Interference

A

When 2 or more waves meet at a point, the resultant displacement is equal to the vector sum of displacement of individual waves

23
Q

Superposition

A

Constant phase difference between each of the waves

24
Q

Progressive wave

A

Transfer of propagation of energy as a result of vibration

25
Q

Polarisation

A

Vibration of particle in one normal to the direction of propagation of wave

26
Q

Speed of progressive wave

A

Speed at which energy is transferred

27
Q

Field line in an electric field

A

Path in which a free positive charge will move

28
Q

Electric Field

A

Region where a charge experiences a force

29
Q

Electric Field Strength

A

Force per unit positive small test charge

30
Q

Electric Potential Energy

A

Energy converted from electrical energy to other forms of energy per unit charge

31
Q

Electric current

A

rate of flow of charged particles

32
Q

Charge

A

current x time

33
Q

Random nature

A

The curve is not smooth

34
Q

Spontaneous nature

A

The curve has the same shape with constant half life

35
Q

Radioactive decay of a nucleus

A

Spontaneous and random decay of unstable nucleus become more stable by emitting alpha/beta particles /gamma rays

36
Q

Spontaneous radioactive decay

A

Decay is not affected by the environmental changes such as temperature, pressure

37
Q

Random decay

A

Constant probability of decay per unit time of nucleus and cannot predict which particular nucleus will deacy next

38
Q

Random

A

the observations of the count rate shows variations

39
Q

Alpha particle

A

Helium nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons

40
Q

Beta particle

A

High-speed electron

41
Q

Gamma Radiation

A

Electromagnetic photon

42
Q

what do the symbols represent in I=nave

A

A - cross-sectional area
N - number density of free electrons
v - drift velocity of free electrons

physics AS (3 decks)

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