Definitions

Question 1

Human Movement System

Answer 1

Kinetic Chain, Consists of: nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

Question 2

Nervous System

Answer 2

System of nerves and nerve centers, consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia

Question 3

Sensory Function

Answer 3

The human body’s ability to recognize changes in the environment within or outside the body

Question 4

Integrative Function

Answer 4

The nervous system processes and interprets the sensory input for decision making

Question 5

Motor Function

Answer 5

The human body’s ability to (physically) respond to the information received from the sensory nervous system

Question 6

Proprioception

Answer 6

The total nervous system input to the central nervous system

Question 7

Neuron

Answer 7

A specialized, impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system, consisting of the cell body and its processes, the axon and dendrites

Question 8

Interneurons

Answer 8

A nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses between neurons

Question 9

Motor (efferent) Neurons

Answer 9

A nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or other effector

Question 10

Central Nervous System

Answer 10

The part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 11

The part of the nervous system lying outside of the brain and spinal cord that includes cranial and spinal nerves

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

Any of the sense organs that respond to vibration, stretching, or pressure or other mechanical stimuli

Question 13

Muscle Spindles

Answer 13

A proprioceptor that conveys information on the state of the muscle stretch or length, important in the reflex mechanism that maintains body posture

Question 14

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 14

A proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibers of a tendon that is sensitive to muscle tension

Question 15

Joint Receptors

Answer 15

Sensory receptors in joint capsules that contribute (along with other sensory inputs) to awareness of joint position and movement (proprioceptive sensation)

Question 16

Skeletal System

Answer 16

The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organs

Question 17

Bones

Answer 17

The hard connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton, composed of a collagen-rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals

Question 18

Joints

Answer 18

The moveable or fixed place or part where two bones of elements of a skeleton join

Question 19

Axial Skeleton

Answer 19

The skeleton of the head and trunk including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

Question 20

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 20

The bones of the limbs, including the bones of the pelvic girdles

Question 21

Remodeling

Answer 21

Mature bones tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (ossification)

Question 22

Osteoclasts

Answer 22

Cells that take away or remove mature bone tissue

Question 23

Osteoblasts

Answer 23

Cels that are responsible for building up new bone tissue

Question 24

Epiphysis

Answer 24

A part of bone separated form the main body of the bone by a layer of cartilage and subsequently uniting with the bone through further ossification

Question 25

Diaphysis

Answer 25

The long narrow portion of a bone

Question 26

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 26

The disk of cartilage between the shaft and the epiphysis of a long bone during its growth

Question 27

Periosteum

Answer 27

The normal investment of bone, consisting of a dense, fibrous outer layer, to which muscles attach, and a more delicate inner layer capable of forming bone

Question 28

Medullary Cavity

Answer 28

The small cavity in the shaft of a long bone where blood cell formation occurs and marrow is stored

Question 29

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

Answer 29

A firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue that covers the end of a bone that makes up a joint

Question 30

Depressions

Answer 30

Flat areas of the bone

Question 31

Processes

Answer 31

A point in the bone used for muscular or ligamentous attachment

Question 32

Vertebral Column

Answer 32

The column of 24 bones making up the spinal column (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar)

Question 33

Arthrokinematics

Answer 33

Description of the movement of the joint surfaces when a bone moves through a range of motion

Question 34

Synovial Joints

Answer 34

Join bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones

Question 35

Non-Synovial Joints

Answer 35

Non-moveable joints that excludes the joint capsule, cartilage, and ligaments

Question 36

Ligaments

Answer 36

Connect bone to bone and provide joint support

Question 37

Muscular System

Answer 37

All the muscles of the body collectively, especially the voluntary skeletal muscles

Question 38

Epimysium

Answer 38

The outermost layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle body

Question 39

Perimysium

Answer 39

The middle layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle fascile

Question 40

Endomysium

Answer 40

The deepest layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle fiber

Question 41

Tendons

Answer 41

A cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white, fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone

Question 42

Sarcomere

Answer 42

Like the neuron is to the nervous system, the sarcomere is the functional unit of muscle or any of the segments of myofibril in striated muscle fibers; composed of actin and myosin

Question 43

Neural Activation

Answer 43

The nervous system activation of a muscle fiber via the neuromuscular junction

Question 44

Motor Unit

Answer 44

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers innervated by its axon

Question 45

Neurotransmitters

Answer 45

Any of several chemical substances, such as epinephrine or acetylcholine, that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a post-synaptic element, such as another nerve, muscle, or gland