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CPT Exam > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Human Movement System

A

Kinetic Chain, Consists of: nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

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2
Q

Nervous System

A

System of nerves and nerve centers, consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia

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3
Q

Sensory Function

A

The human body’s ability to recognize changes in the environment within or outside the body

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4
Q

Integrative Function

A

The nervous system processes and interprets the sensory input for decision making

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5
Q

Motor Function

A

The human body’s ability to (physically) respond to the information received from the sensory nervous system

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6
Q

Proprioception

A

The total nervous system input to the central nervous system

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7
Q

Neuron

A

A specialized, impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system, consisting of the cell body and its processes, the axon and dendrites

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8
Q

Interneurons

A

A nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses between neurons

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9
Q

Motor (efferent) Neurons

A

A nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or other effector

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10
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The part of the nervous system lying outside of the brain and spinal cord that includes cranial and spinal nerves

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12
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Any of the sense organs that respond to vibration, stretching, or pressure or other mechanical stimuli

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13
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

A proprioceptor that conveys information on the state of the muscle stretch or length, important in the reflex mechanism that maintains body posture

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14
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

A proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibers of a tendon that is sensitive to muscle tension

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15
Q

Joint Receptors

A

Sensory receptors in joint capsules that contribute (along with other sensory inputs) to awareness of joint position and movement (proprioceptive sensation)

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16
Q

Skeletal System

A

The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organs

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17
Q

Bones

A

The hard connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton, composed of a collagen-rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals

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18
Q

Joints

A

The moveable or fixed place or part where two bones of elements of a skeleton join

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19
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The skeleton of the head and trunk including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

20
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The bones of the limbs, including the bones of the pelvic girdles

21
Q

Remodeling

A

Mature bones tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (ossification)

22
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that take away or remove mature bone tissue

23
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cels that are responsible for building up new bone tissue

24
Q

Epiphysis

A

A part of bone separated form the main body of the bone by a layer of cartilage and subsequently uniting with the bone through further ossification

25
Q

Diaphysis

A

The long narrow portion of a bone

26
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

The disk of cartilage between the shaft and the epiphysis of a long bone during its growth

27
Q

Periosteum

A

The normal investment of bone, consisting of a dense, fibrous outer layer, to which muscles attach, and a more delicate inner layer capable of forming bone

28
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

The small cavity in the shaft of a long bone where blood cell formation occurs and marrow is stored

29
Q

Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage

A

A firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue that covers the end of a bone that makes up a joint

30
Q

Depressions

A

Flat areas of the bone

31
Q

Processes

A

A point in the bone used for muscular or ligamentous attachment

32
Q

Vertebral Column

A

The column of 24 bones making up the spinal column (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar)

33
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Description of the movement of the joint surfaces when a bone moves through a range of motion

34
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Join bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones

35
Q

Non-Synovial Joints

A

Non-moveable joints that excludes the joint capsule, cartilage, and ligaments

36
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone and provide joint support

37
Q

Muscular System

A

All the muscles of the body collectively, especially the voluntary skeletal muscles

38
Q

Epimysium

A

The outermost layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle body

39
Q

Perimysium

A

The middle layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle fascile

40
Q

Endomysium

A

The deepest layer of muscular connective tissue that encompasses the muscle fiber

41
Q

Tendons

A

A cord or band of dense, tough, inelastic, white, fibrous tissue, serving to connect a muscle with a bone

42
Q

Sarcomere

A

Like the neuron is to the nervous system, the sarcomere is the functional unit of muscle or any of the segments of myofibril in striated muscle fibers; composed of actin and myosin

43
Q

Neural Activation

A

The nervous system activation of a muscle fiber via the neuromuscular junction

44
Q

Motor Unit

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers innervated by its axon

45
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Any of several chemical substances, such as epinephrine or acetylcholine, that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse to a post-synaptic element, such as another nerve, muscle, or gland

CPT Exam (1 decks)

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