Definitions

Question 1

Isotope

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons

Question 2

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 2

Mass of an isotope relative to the 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 3

Relative atomic mass

Answer 3

Weighted mean mass of an atom relative to the 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12

Question 4

Empirical formula

Answer 4

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each elements present in a compound

Question 5

Molecular formula

Answer 5

Actual number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 6

Anhydrous

Answer 6

Without waters of crystallisation

Question 7

Hydrous

Answer 7

With water of crystallisation

Question 8

Water of crystallisation

Answer 8

Water crystals that are trapped in a compound’s lattice structure

Question 9

Orbital

Answer 9

3D regions of space around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

Question 10

Covalent bond

Answer 10

Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 11

Dative covalent bond

Answer 11

Covalent bond where one atoms donates both the electrons in a bonded pair

Question 12

Ionic bonding

Answer 12

Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 13

Ion

Answer 13

Charged particles formed from the loss of gain of electrons

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

Ability of an atom the attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 15

Redox reaction

Answer 15

Reaction where both reduction and oxidation take place

Question 16

Metallic bonding

Answer 16

Strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons

Question 17

First ionisation energy

Answer 17

Energy required to remove one moles of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 moles of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 18

Periodicity

Answer 18

Repeating patterns seen across the periods of the periodic table

Question 19

Activation energy

Answer 19

Minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

Question 20

Standard conditions

Answer 20

100kPa and 298K

Question 21

Homologous series

Answer 21

Series of organic compounds have the same functional group with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 22

Structural isomers

Answer 22

Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae

Question 23

Homolytic fission

Answer 23

Each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals

Question 24

Heterolytic fission

Answer 24

One bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair

Question 25

Radical

Answer 25

Any species with an unpaired electron

Question 26

Stereoisomers

Answer 26

Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space

Question 27

E/Z isomerism

Answer 27

Example of stereoisomerism caused by restricted rotation about a double bond, requiring two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the alkene group.

Question 28

Nucleophile

Answer 28

Electron pair donor

Question 29

Electrophile

Answer 29

Electron pair acceptor