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Medical Terms Chapter 8 > Definition then Word > Flashcards

Definition then Word Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system.

A

Holter monitor test

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2
Q

Noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures.

A

Echocardiography

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3
Q

Radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart.

A

Coronary angiography

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4
Q

Agents used to treat angina

A

Nitrates

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5
Q

Drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties.

A

Statins

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6
Q

Management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension

A

Diuretics

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7
Q

Include Troponin T, Troponin I, and CK (creatinine kinase).

A

Cardiac enzyme studies

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8
Q

Injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease

A

Scintigraphy

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9
Q

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

A

Stress test

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10
Q

Tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal

A

Ligation and stripping

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11
Q

Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve.

A

Commissurotomy

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12
Q

Removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes

A

Arterial biopsy

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13
Q

Destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal contractions

A

Catheter ablation

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14
Q

Technique used to block blood flow to a site by injecting an occluding agent

A

Embolization

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15
Q

Procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation

A

Angioplasty

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16
Q

Dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter

A

PTCA (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)

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17
Q

Surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

A

CABG (Coronary artery bypass graft)

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18
Q

Removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device

A

Atherectomy

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19
Q

Incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids

A

Venipuncture

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20
Q

Destruction of a blood clot

A

Thrombolysis

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21
Q

Chest pain

A

Angina

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22
Q

Profuse sweating

A

Diaphoresis

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23
Q

Inability of a valve to close completely

A

Incompetent

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24
Q

Varicose veins of the esophagus

A

Varices

25
Q

Small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves

A

Vegetations

26
Q

Graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs.

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

27
Q

Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart.

A

Cardiac Catheterization (CC)

28
Q

Blood clot that obstructs a vessel.

A

Thrombus

29
Q

Slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries.

A

Stent

30
Q

Congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, transposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

31
Q

Circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ.

A

Perfusion

32
Q

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery.

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

33
Q

Sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” “or a pounding feeling in the chest.

A

Palpitation

34
Q

Chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure.

A

Radioisotope

35
Q

Common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation.

A

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

36
Q

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction.

A

Ischemia

37
Q

Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply.

A

Infarct

38
Q

Implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart.

A

Implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD)

39
Q

Any heart disorder caused by prolonged hypertension, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure.

A

Hypertensive heart disease

40
Q

Common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic.

A

Hypertension (HTN)

41
Q

HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension.

A

Primary hypertension

42
Q

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause.

A

Secondary hypertension

43
Q

Excessive amounts of lips (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood.

A

Hyperlipidemia

44
Q

Arrest of bleeding or circulation

A

Hemostasis

45
Q

Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions.

A

Fibrillation

46
Q

Mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel.

A

Embolus

47
Q

Failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs.

A

Heart Failure (HF)

48
Q

Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

A

Aneurysm

49
Q

Condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

A

Arrest

50
Q

Loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation

A

Cardiac arrest

51
Q

Cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

A

Circulatory arrest

52
Q

Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia.

A

Arrhythmia

53
Q

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called a murmur.

A

Bruit

54
Q

Any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function.

A

Cardiomyopathy

55
Q

Thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure.

A

Catheter

56
Q

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

A

Coarctation

57
Q

Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs.

A

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

58
Q

Calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

A

Ejection fraction (EF)

Medical Terms Chapter 8 (2 decks)

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