Definition, Sources, Characteristics, Etc Flashcards
Types of Waste
Municipal Solid Waste
Industrial Waste
Medical Waste
Radioactive Waste
Hazardous Waste
Waste composition
Industrial- 93.7%
Hazardous- 5%
Municipal-1.2%
Radioactive- <0.1%
Medical- <0.1%
Water Pollution
Any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects the health of organisms
Sources of Water Pollution
Domestic, Industries, Sewage
How much of the wastewater in the Philippines is treated
10%
Out of 127 freshwater bodies in the PH, how much has good/bad water wuality
Good- 47%
Bad- 13%
Industries that contribute to water pollution
Pulp & Paper
Organic Chemicals
Alkalis, Chlorine
Fertilizers
Petroleum
Steel works
Power Plants
Types of Waste
Cannery
Apparel
Materials
Food
Sources of Industrial Wastewater
Sanitary Wastewater
Cooling
Process Wastewater
Cleaning
Wastewater characteristics
COD: 5000-15000 mg/L
BOD: lower than 30%
Bad odor
High (or low) pH
Four types of industrial effluents
General service effluents
Intermittent effluents
General manufacturing effluents
Specific effluents
Effects of Industrial Wastewater
Plugging
Odors
pH problem
Flammables
Temperature
Hydraulic Capacity problem
Wastewater Constituents
Suspended solid
Biodegradable organics
Pathogens
Nutrients
Priority pollutant
Refractory organics
Heavy metals
Dissolved organics
Physical Cheacteristics of Industrial Waste
Temperature
Total Solids
Turbidity
Odors
Color
Total Solids vs Total suspended solids
TS- mass remaining when wastewater os evaporated
TSS-TS after drying
A measure of light-transmitting properties of water dues to the presence of colloidal & residual suspended matter
Turbidity
Refers to the degree of absorption of light energy in the visible spectrum
Color
Caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter, effects include h2s, vomiting, psychological stress
odor
Chemical Characteristics of inorganic matter is caused by
seawater pollution/leaching of chloride-containing rocks or soil
Inorganic matter chemical characteristics
Chloride > 250mg/L, taste is noticeable
Domestic water must contain<100mg/L
Essential to the growth of algae and other organisms, should be within MW- 4-16mg/L
Phosphorous
Forms of Phosphorous
Orthophosphate
Polyphosphate
Organic Phosphate
Required in the synthesis of proterin, released in its degradation. Reduced significantly under anaerobic conditions which can result to h2s formation and eventually become corrosive
Sulfur
Common gases in Wastewater
N2, O2, CO2, H2S, NH3 and CH4
Formed by anaerobic decomp of organic matter containing sulfur or from the reduction of mineral sulfites or sulfates (is toxic)
H2S
Principal byproduct from the anaerobic decomp of organic matter in wastewater
Methane
Most of these are necessary for growth of biological life, many are considered as priority pollutants, toxic in excessive quantities, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Mn, Ni, & Zn
Metals
chemicals present in inorganic matter
Chloride, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur, H2S, Methane, Metals
Chemical Characteristics of Organic Matter
Principal Group: Protein, Carbs, Fats & Oils
Small Amounts: Surfactants, Pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Laboratory Methods used to meassure gross amounts of organic matter >1mg/L
BOD
COD
TOC
These are used to determine the appropriate quantity of oxygen that will be required to biologically stabilize the organic matter present, measure of efficiency of treatment process
Tested at 20C for 5 days as standard test
BOD
Higher than BOD and can be completed under 2.5 hours
COD
Measures biodegradable and nonbiodegradable organics, uses strong chemical agent, Accuracy +/-2%
COD
Measures biodegradable organics, uses oxidizing microorganism, affected by toxic substance and temperature, accuracy +/- 10%
BOD
Test methods use heat and oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, chemical oxidants to convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide which is then measured with an infrared analyzer
TOC
Stoichiometric amount of O2 required to oxidize completely a given compound, can be evaluated when chemical formula is available
ThOD
General Classification of microorganisms found on surface waters and WW
Prokaryote & Eukaryote
Degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism,
Toxicity
Indicates whether pollutant levels in air may cause health concerns (0-500)
Air Quality Index
5 Major Air Pollutants (Forms smog altogethe)
Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Particulate Matter
Ground Level Ozone
Colorless, odorless, produced when carbon does not burn fossil fuels, deprives body of O2, causes fatigue, headaches, and impaired vision
Carbon Monoxide
Produced when coal and fuel oil are burned, present in power plant exhaust, narrows airway, causes wheezing, shortness of breath
Sulfur Dioxide
Reddish, brown gas, produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen, present in car exhaust, affects lungs, increases chance of respiratory infection
Nitrogen Dioxide
Particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere, can build up in the respiratory system, aggravates heart and lung disease
Particulate Matter
Formed from car, powerplant exhaust, irritates respiratory system and reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging the lining of the lungs
Ground Level Ozone
Forms when heat and sunlight react with gases
Smog
