Definition Questions Unit 1

Question 1

ASSIMILATION x4

Answer 1

• Dominant group accepts minority groups into their society
• Voluntarily adopt cultural aspects
• Forcibly adopt cultural aspects
• Dominant group doesn’t adopt minority groups’ cultural aspects

Question 2

DISCRIMINATION x3

Answer 2

-Treating certain ethnic groups differently or unfairly compared to how they treat other groups
-because of
what we think we know about them
How feel about them
-Discriminatory actions can disadvantage ethnic groups

Question 3

RACISM x3

Answer 3

• Own race is superior to another
• Belief that physical characteristics determine how intelligent a person is and how they will behave
• Racism becomes institutionalised by creating laws & practices that support it

Question 4

STEREOTYPING x5

Answer 4

• How we describe people
• We group information that we believe is similar -> to cope with all the info we must process
• Leads to very rigid & over-generalized description of a person or group
• Leads to belief that characteristics of people or groups are predetermined based on their stereotyped description
• Affects way we perceive groups of people & the way we act towards them

Question 5

PREJUDICE x3

Answer 5

• To pre-judge someone - To judge a person before you know them
• Can be against or for someone
• Determines how we feel about people

Question 6

XENOPHOBIA x3

Answer 6

• Dislike, hatred, or fear of foreigners
• As a result, South Africans can act violently towards foreigners
• Majority of victims are black Africans

Question 7

MULTICULTURAL x3

Answer 7

• Diverse nature of society
• Doesn’t just refer to race, ethnicity & culture
• Refers to all differences

Question 8

EXPLICIT CULTURAL FACTORS x2

Answer 8

• Very easy to see

- Examples: Food, dress & language

Question 9

IMPLICIT CULTURAL FACTORS x2

Answer 9

• Very difficult to see

- Examples: Attitudes, values & beliefs

Question 10

MINORITY GROUPS x4

Answer 10

• Usually refers to groups in a society that are a lot smaller compared to the rest of the groups in their society
• BUT can also refer to people who have a lower social or economic position or less political power than the dominant group.
• Minority groups are often seen as inferior,
• Leads to discrimination

Question 11

MICROCULTURES x4

Answer 11

-Smaller groups
Religious groups
Sports groups
Language groups
Classroom groups
-Share belief in specific rules, roles, values & behaviours
-Microcultural groups might understand & experience macrocultural aspects differently
-They overlap – Individuals belong to many microcultural groups

Question 12

GENDER X5

Answer 12

• Masculinity & femininity
• Thoughts, feelings & behaviours that identify person as male or female
• Physical aspects that identify person as male or female
• Males & females have many things in common but also have differences
• Should be taken into consideration when designing activities

Question 13

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASS

Answer 13

• People who have the same economic, social & educational background
• Social – same position or rank in society
• Socio-economic circumstances of learners affect how they feel, think, behave & communicate with others
• People from an upper or middle class might not understand social & economic problems of people from lower class

Question 14

SOCIAL VALUES X6

Answer 14

• Beliefs or ideals about how people are expected to behave or not behave
• Come from society & culture
• Core Values
• Values that most people share
• Values differ from culture to culture
• Can lead to conflict which can affect teaching & learning

Question 15

ETHNOCENTRISM X7

Answer 15

-People of same ethnic groups have things in common
-Culture, history, economic status, ideologies
-They feel united & proud
Can lead to ethnocentrism
-Feel ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups
-Make them feel inferior
-Can lead to racism, sexism and other forms of bias

Question 16

CULTURAL RELATIVISM X6

Answer 16

• Too much focus on culture can lead to cultural relativism
• Belief that all aspects of all microcultures should be kept & respected
• Not all cultural aspects are acceptable to all cultures
• There must be a limit
• Challenge is to know what is universally acceptable
• Teachers must decide how much to assimilate learners and how much to recognise & encourage cultural diversity of learners

Question 17

COMMUNICATION FAILURE X3

Answer 17

• No one understands anything anyone is saying
• Message received makes no sense
• Example: give someone instructions to do something and they don’t do it because they don’t know what to do

Question 18

MISCOMMUNICATION X3

Answer 18

• Message received is understood differently to how it was intended to be understood
• Example: give someone instructions to do something and they do something different to what you instructed them to do

Question 19

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION x4

Answer 19

-All ways of communication that don’t make use of words
-Include:
Body language, facial expression, gestures, choices of things, odour & taste
-Usually unaware of messages we send non-verbally
-Determined by culture but also by own way of thinking & personality

Question 20

ONE-WAY COMMUNICATION x3

Answer 20

-Messages are received without giving immediate feedback
-Must ensure that messages are clear for all cultures
-Examples:
Newsletter
Instructions
Rules & Regulations
Assembly

Question 21

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN CLASS

Answer 21

PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Physical noise

PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Wellbeing & Impairments

PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Attitudes & Emotions
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
Age, gender, culture

Question 22

LINGUA FRANCA

Answer 22

• A common language for people who do not speak the same native language to communicate in
• Difficult to communicate in language that you are not native in
• Learning can be difficult -> even more difficult when you have a language barrier