Definition of terms Flashcards
the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
Statistics
a branch of statistics that consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data
Descriptive Statistics
a branch of statistics that consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions
Inferential Statistics
the totality of all subjects possessing certain common characteristics that are being studied
Population
it refers to a group of subjects selected from a population
Sample
a characteristic or measure obtained by using all the data values for a specific population
Parameter
is the thing that we measure, control, or manipulate in research. It is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values. Letters such as X, Y, or Z, are used to represent variables
Variable
is a variable whose values are determined by chance
Random Variable
express a categorical attribute, such as sex (male or female), religion, marital status, region of residence, highest educational attainment.
Qualitative variables
(otherwise called numerical) data, whose sizes are meaningful, answer questions such as “how much” or “how many”
Quantitative variables
have values that can be counted
Discrete variables
are variables that can assume all values between any two given values
Continuous variables
the chance that an event will occur
Probability
entire set of possible outcomes
Sample space
(average) of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set
mean
the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean
variance
also known as the expected value, is the summation or integration of a possible values from a random variable
expectation
If an operation can be performed in n1 ways, and if for each of these a second
operation can be performed in n2 ways, then the two operations can be performed
together in n1 * n2 ways.
Multiplication Rule
If an operation can be performed in n1 ways, if for each of these a second
operation can be performed in n2 ways, if for each of the first two a third operation
can be performed in n3 ways, and so on, then the sequence of k operations can
be performed in n1, n2,..nk ways
Generalized Multiplication Rule
Each possible outcome in an experiment
Sample Point
Any process which can be repeated under controlled conditions
whose result cannot be predicted with certainty, but whose possible outcomes
can be clearly defined
Experiment
Result of an experiment
Outcome
Consists of one or more outcomes of a probability experiment.
Event
