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Histopathology > Definition of terms > Flashcards

Definition of terms Flashcards

1
Q

readily stained in acid dyes

A

Acidophilic

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2
Q

applied to microtome knife

the end to which handle is attached

A

Heel

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3
Q

solution in which the solvent is alcohol

A

Alcoholic

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4
Q

reagent or combination of reagents used to fix tissue

A

Fixative

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5
Q

solution in which the solvent is water

A

Aqueous

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6
Q

preservation of fresh tissue

A

Fixation

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7
Q

destruction of the tissues by enzymes that are produced by the tissue

A

Autolysis

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8
Q

placing a specimen into an embedding medium and causing it to solidify

A

Embedding

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9
Q

particles or crystal deposited during processing, usually during fixation

A

Artifact

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10
Q

often referred to as casting or blocking

A

Embedding

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11
Q

pigment within the tissue but having their origin outside the body

give examples

A

Exogenous pigment

Ex. tattoos

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12
Q

substances which do not take part in the staining reaction but cause an increase in the selectivity or in the staining power of the dye

A

Accentuators

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13
Q

pigment formed within the tissue by natural means

give examples

A

Endogenous pigment

Ex. melanin

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14
Q

incomplete or defective development of a tissue or organ

A

Aplasia

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15
Q

the outer and toughest of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

Dara Matter

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16
Q

complete none appearance of an organ

A

Agenesia

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17
Q

washing out of excess stain until the required color or combination of colors is obtained

A

Differentiation

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18
Q

an acquired decreased in the size of normally developed of mature organ or tissue

A

Atrophy

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19
Q

capable of becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air

A

Deliquescent

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20
Q

readily stained with basic dyes

A

Basophilic

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21
Q

removal of water from a tissue or section

A

Dehydration

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22
Q

having two concave surfaces, that is two surfaces hallowed or rounded inside

A

Biconcave

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23
Q

removal od color from stained section to differentiate

A

Decolorization

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24
Q

washing sections in tap water or in alkaline solution causing hematoxylin to stain blue

A

Blueing

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25
Q

removal of calcium salts from the tissue following fixation

A

Decalcification

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26
Q

angle formed between cutting edge of the microtome knife

A

Bevel angle (27’-32’)

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27
Q

protoplasm of the cell external to the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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28
Q

horizontal thick and thin ridges appearing in sections

A

Chatters

29
Q

angle formed the surface of the block and cutting edge of the knife

A

Clearance angle (0-15)

30
Q

removal of the dehydrating agent and its replacement to a substance that is miscible with the embedding or mounting medium to be used

A

Clearing

31
Q

This process normally follows differentiation in acid/alcohol

A

Blueing

32
Q

action of sharpening a knife by grinding cutting edge, either on a stone or with an abrasive compound

A

Honing

33
Q

one side flat other side concave

A

Plano-concave knife

34
Q

synonym for sodium thiosulfate

A

Hypo

35
Q

a pivoted tongue adapated to fall into notches wheel, thus, permitting rotating in one direction only

A

Pawl

36
Q

failure of an organ to reach or achieve full maturity or adult size

A

Hypoplasia

37
Q

the precise positioning of the tissue in a block, aligning the block of the microtome or placing a section on the side

A

Orientation

38
Q

an increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

39
Q

darkly staining body within the cell containing hereditary characteristics of the cell and composed of nucleoprotein

A

Nucleus

40
Q

sum total changes in the living tissues in response to an injuries agent including the local reaction and the repair of injury

A

Inflammation

41
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudates or tumor

A

Dolor (Pain)

42
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury

A

Calor (Heat)

43
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

due to pain interference with nerve supply and to destruction of the functioning units of the tissues

A

Functio Laesa (Diminished Function)

44
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with an increased rate of blood floe toward the site of injury and concentration/packing of the red cells in the capillaries causing increased viscosity and slowing of the blood flow

A

Rubor (Redness)

45
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

due to increased permeability allowing the extravasation of blood fluid, with increased hydrostatic pressure within the dilated arterioles and capillaries causing localized edema

A

Tumor (Swelling)

46
Q

a substance which causes a staining reaction to take place by forming an insoluble lake between the dye and tissue

A

Mordant

47
Q

the saturation of tissue with an embedding medium

deposition of salts of heavy metals on or around tissue fibers during staining reaction

A

Impregnation

48
Q

the machine on which sections are cut

A

Microtome

49
Q

a reaction in which a substance is stained a different color to that of the stain employed

A

Metachromatic

50
Q

the metachromatic phenomenon is only found in ___

A

Basic aniline dye

51
Q

1/1000th of a millimeter
1/25000th of an inch
unit of measurement for the thickness of sections, the diameter of cells and the size of bacteria

A

Micron (u)

52
Q

reversible change involving the transformation in one type of cell to another

A

Metaplasia

53
Q

the main constituent of all cells
it is a homogenous translucent substances containing water with salts and sugar in true solution, protein in colloidal solution and inorganic salts

A

Protoplasm

54
Q

process of removing excess from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artifacts from the tissue

A

Washing out

55
Q

the treatment of the tissue in 3% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate for 24 hours following fixation and is normally used as a method of mordanting

A

Post chromotization

56
Q

embedding under negative atmospheric pressure

A

Vacuum embedding

57
Q

staining each constituent to a precise color or density without overstaining and differentiating it

A

Progressive staining

58
Q

term used when tissues placed in a second fixative to facilitate the demonstration of a specific substance

A

Secondary fixation

59
Q

color or particles imparted to cells and tissues

A

Pigment

60
Q

process of polishing the cutting edge of the knife on leather or canvas done after honing, with toe-to-heel direction

A

Stropping

61
Q

the rapid freezing of tissue during freeze-drying as a means of preservation

A

Quenching

62
Q

the process of coloring the cell, cellular constituents and tissue fibers to facilitate optical differentiation by microscopic examination

A

Staining

63
Q

a toothed-wheel turned by means of an engaging pawl, a part of a microtome

A

Ratchet-wheel

64
Q

a dye or mixture of dyes used to impart color to the substance

A

Stain

65
Q

the ratio of the velocity of light in air to the velocity of light in a substance

A

Refractive index

66
Q

a thin layer of cell out on a microscope slide

A

Smear

67
Q

technique of overstaining and then washing out or differentiating the excess stain

A

Regressive staining

68
Q

extremely thin slices of tissue usually 4-5um in thickness

A

Sections

69
Q

tears across a section due to dirt, foreign bodies on the tissue or a “nick” in the knife

A

Scores

Histopathology (1 decks)

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