Definition of Pharmacology Flashcards
The study of the actions of drugs on humans and animals
Elimination Half - Life (T1/2)
The time it takes for 50% of a particular drug to be cleared from the blood stream
Routes of Elimination
Kidney, Lung or Bowel
Anatomical Barriers to Distribution
Blood - Brain Barrier
Placental Barrier
Pharmacokinetic Phase (ADME)
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Duration of Action
The time between the onset of action and the discontinuation of drug action
Peak Effect
The maximum effect produced by a drug after it has reached its maximum concentration in the body.
Onset of Action
The time it takes for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect
Food and Drug Amendments Act (2007)
Set guidelines for post market clinical studies
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970)
Places controlled substances into categories C-1 through C-V, regulating drugs with a history of abuse
Pharmaceutical Equivalent
Different inactive ingredients, dosage form, and exhibits different absorption rates than brand name product
Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962)
Requires drugs to be safe and effective
Durham- Humphrey Amendment (1950)
Categorized drugs as either legend (prescription only) or over -the -counter (no prescription required
Whey are drugs used
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mitigation of Symptoms
Cure Disease
Prevent Disease
Routes of Administration
Oral
Topical
Inhalation
Parenteral
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
sets the standards for allowing new drugs onto the market
Therapeutic Alternative
Different active ingredients, yet produce the same desired therapeutic outcome
First Pass Effect
A process in which the liver metabolizes nearly all of a drug to an inactive metabolite before the drug passes into the general circulation.
Pharmaceutical Alternative
Same active ingredient as the brand name, strength and dosage form may be different
Bioequivalence
No statistical differences are found in the rate and extent of absorption between the generic product and the brand name product.
Bioavailability
The extent to which an administered amount of drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce the desired drug effects.
Generic Drug Basics
contains the same active ingredients as the brand name drug
May be offered b the generic manufacturer after the patient period of the brand drug ends
Can receive an A rating from the FDA if not significantly different from the original drug
Why is knowledge of pharmacology important for technicians
Help reduce dispensing errors
Improves recognition of possible problems with drug orders, such as drug interactions and therapeutic duplications
