Definition & Concepts Flashcards
Alpha Bias
when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.
Androcentrism
When men’s behaviour is the standard against which woman’s behaviour ‘deficient’ or ‘inferior’ by comparison
Beta Bias
The attempt to downplay or underestimate the differences between the genders
Biological Determinism
when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.
Biological reductionism
when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.
Cultural relativism
The idea that human behaviour can only be meaningful and understood with specific social and cultural context
Determinism
The idea that things are predetermined and everything has a cause
Bias
The tendency to treat one individual or group in a different way from others
Environmental determinism
The idea that human behaviour is a direct result of the environment and outside forces
Environmental Reductionism
The idea that behaviour can be reduced to simple response to a stimuli
Ethnocentrism
A type of cultural bias that involves judging other cultures by standards and values of own culture
Hard determinism
The idea that free will is non-existent, all choices and behaviour arise due to pre-existent causes
Holism
A type of learning approach that suggests that to understand human behaviour we must look at the human as a whole
idiographic approach
A type of learning approach that suggests we should focus on the unique experiences of each individual to understand human behaviour
interactional approach
The idea that all human behaviour has multiple causes that stem from the simplest cause (genes) all the way to complex causes (social and cultural system)
Nomothetic Approach
A type of learning that suggests we should establish general laws of behaviour that can be applied to all people to understand human behaviour
Psychic Determinism
the idea that all human behaviour is a result of unconscious mental processes
Reductionism
A type of learning approach that suggests that, to understand human behaviour , we must reduce it to its simplest parts
social sensitivity
The possibility for studies to have results that could negatively impact some groups of people
soft determinism
The idea that although the choices we pick from are limited and predetermined , humans still have the free will to pick within these predetermined choices
Universality
An underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite differences of experience and upbringing
Cultural bias
Overlooking cultural differences by looking at human behaviour from the perspective of your own culture
Imposal Etic
A test, measure of theory devised in one culture that is used to explain behaviour in another culture
Research tradition
The familiarity a certain culture has with taking part in psychological investigations
