Definition & Concepts

Question 1

Alpha Bias

Answer 1

when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.

Question 2

Androcentrism

Answer 2

When men’s behaviour is the standard against which woman’s behaviour ‘deficient’ or ‘inferior’ by comparison

Question 3

Beta Bias

Answer 3

The attempt to downplay or underestimate the differences between the genders

Question 4

Biological Determinism

Answer 4

when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.

Question 5

Biological reductionism

Answer 5

when psychological theories suggest there are real and enduring differences between men and women. These may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, but typically undervalue females.

Question 6

Cultural relativism

Answer 6

The idea that human behaviour can only be meaningful and understood with specific social and cultural context

Question 7

Determinism

Answer 7

The idea that things are predetermined and everything has a cause

Question 8

Bias

Answer 8

The tendency to treat one individual or group in a different way from others

Question 9

Environmental determinism

Answer 9

The idea that human behaviour is a direct result of the environment and outside forces

Question 10

Environmental Reductionism

Answer 10

The idea that behaviour can be reduced to simple response to a stimuli

Question 11

Ethnocentrism

Answer 11

A type of cultural bias that involves judging other cultures by standards and values of own culture

Question 12

Hard determinism

Answer 12

The idea that free will is non-existent, all choices and behaviour arise due to pre-existent causes

Question 13

Holism

Answer 13

A type of learning approach that suggests that to understand human behaviour we must look at the human as a whole

Question 14

idiographic approach

Answer 14

A type of learning approach that suggests we should focus on the unique experiences of each individual to understand human behaviour

Question 15

interactional approach

Answer 15

The idea that all human behaviour has multiple causes that stem from the simplest cause (genes) all the way to complex causes (social and cultural system)

Question 16

Nomothetic Approach

Answer 16

A type of learning that suggests we should establish general laws of behaviour that can be applied to all people to understand human behaviour

Question 17

Psychic Determinism

Answer 17

the idea that all human behaviour is a result of unconscious mental processes

Question 18

Reductionism

Answer 18

A type of learning approach that suggests that, to understand human behaviour , we must reduce it to its simplest parts

Question 19

social sensitivity

Answer 19

The possibility for studies to have results that could negatively impact some groups of people

Question 20

soft determinism

Answer 20

The idea that although the choices we pick from are limited and predetermined , humans still have the free will to pick within these predetermined choices

Question 21

Universality

Answer 21

An underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite differences of experience and upbringing

Question 22

Cultural bias

Answer 22

Overlooking cultural differences by looking at human behaviour from the perspective of your own culture

Question 23

Imposal Etic

Answer 23

A test, measure of theory devised in one culture that is used to explain behaviour in another culture

Question 24

Research tradition

Answer 24

The familiarity a certain culture has with taking part in psychological investigations

Question 25

collectivist culture

Answer 25

Refers to cultures such as india and china that are said to be more conformist and group oriented

Question 26

Individualist culture

Answer 26

refers to western countries such as the us that are thought to be more independent

Question 27

Etic approach

Answer 27

Studying behaviour across many cultures in order to find universal human behaviours

Question 28

Culture bound syndromes

Answer 28

groups of syndromes classified as treatable illnesses in certain cultures that are not recognised as such in the west

Question 29

Emic approach

Answer 29

Studying cultures in isolation by identifying behaviours that are specific to that culture

Question 30

Ethical Guidelines

Answer 30

A set of principles set out by the BOS to help psychologists behave honestly and with integrity

Question 31

Ethical issues

Answer 31

These arise when a conflict exists between the rights of the participants in research studies tend the goals of the researcher to produce authentic, valid and worthwhile data

Question 32

Ethical implications

Answer 32

The impact that psychological research may have in terms of the rights of other people, especially participants. this includes at a societal level influencing public politics and or in the way in which certain groups of people are regarded

Question 33

Psychological research

Answer 33

Studies in which there are potential consequences or implications either directly for the participants in the group or search or for the class of individuals represented by the research