Definition and Terminologies Flashcards
According to WHO, what are herbal medicines?
According WHO, Herbal medicines should be
regarded as finished, labeled medicinal products
containing as active ingredients, aerial or
underground parts of plants or other plant material
or combination thereof, whether in the crude state,
or as plant preparations.
What are herbs?
Herbs include crude plant material such as leaves, flowers, fruit,
seed, stems, wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or other plant parts,
which may be entire, fragmented or powdered.
What are herbal materials?
Herbal materials include, in addition to herbs, fresh juices, gums,
fixed oils, essential oils, resins and dry powders of herbs.
What are Herbal preparations?
Herbal preparations are the basis for finished herbal products and
may include comminuted or powdered herbal materials, or extracts,
tinctures and fatty oils of herbal materials.
How are herbal preparations produced?
They are produced by
extraction, fractionation, purification, concentration, or other
physical or biological processes.
According to WHO, what are active ingredients?
Active ingredients refer to ingredients of herbal medicines with therapeutic activity.
How are herbal materials prepared?
Steaming, roasting, or stir-baking with honey,
alcoholic beverages or other materials.
According to WHO, what is therapeutic activity
Therapeutic activity refers to the successful prevention, diagnosis and treatment of
physical and mental illnesses; improvement of symptoms of illnesses; as well as
beneficial alteration or regulation of the physical and mental status of the body.
According to WHO, what are finished herbal products
Finished herbal products consist of herbal preparations made from
one or more herbs. If more than one herb is used, the term mixture
herbal product can also be used.
Finished products or mixture products
to which chemically defined active substances have been added,
including synthetic compounds and/or isolated constituents from
herbal materials, are not considered to be herbal. T or F?
True
Who are traditional healers / traditional
medical practitioners
A person recognized by the community
in which he lives as competent to provide health
care by using vegetable, animal and mineral
substances and certain other methods.
List 10 DIFFERENT NAMES BY WHICH TRADITIONAL
PRACTITIONERS ARE KNOWN ACROSS DIFFERENT
CULTURE / COMMUNITIES
- Healers
- Traditional healers
- Traditional medical
practitioners - Traditional doctors
- Indigenous doctors
- Witch doctors
- People’s doctors
- Barefoot doctors (China)
- Diviners
- Seers
There are basically five types of traditional healers in
Africa, namely:
- the diviner or fortune teller,
- the herbalist,
- the midwife and birth attendant,
- the surgeon and
- the specialist medicine man.
What is traditional medicine?
the total combination of
knowledge and practice, whether explicable or
not, used in diagnosing, preventing, or
eliminating a physical, mental or social disease
and which may rely exclusively on past
experience and observation handed down
from generation to generation verbally or in
writing).
What are the different names of traditional medicine.
- Indigenous medicine
- Complementary /Alternative Medicine (CAM)
- Native Medicine
- Folk Medicine
What are the methods of training TMPs in African
Ethnomedicine
- by training and long period of apprenticeship
- by divine selection and in answer to a call by a
powerful spirit to be his chief priest or messenger. - Family inheritance
What is Complementary or Alternative
medicine?
They refer to a
broad set of health care practices that are
not part of that country’s own tradition
and are not integrated into the dominant
health care system.
What is native medicine?
Derogatory version of traditional
medicine passed down from colonial
era - the word native meaning any thing
not foreign or not introduced by the
colonial masters.
What is folk medicine?
This term is a more acceptable reference to the
knowledge of the mode of treatment or traditional
beliefs which is common to a group of rural people.
What is Indigenous medicine?
It is the extended definition of traditional medicine in
Africa which includes a phrase such as “while bearing in
mind the original concept of nature which includes the
material world, the sociological environment whether
living or dead and the metaphysical forces of the universe”.
What is juju?
the term is commonly used in the eastern states of Nigeria e.g.
to refer to any form of medicine that casts an evil spell.
What are ritual rites?
Forms of procedure and/or sacrifice necessary
to appease gods in particular form of
treatment or situation.
This can involve
sacrificing a goat or performing certain dances
and eating only certain foods or parts of foods.
What are incantations?
Incantations are a form of play on words
(similes) written or delivered orally in poetic
form to conjure up forces (efficacies) into a
medicine
What is a medicinal plant?
A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its
organ, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic
purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful
drugs.
