Definition and epidemiology Flashcards
Term for learning disability used in ICD 10
Mental retardation
Term for learning disability used in ICD 11
Intellectual disability
Term for specific learning issues e.g. dyslexia
Learning difficulty
IQ for mild learning disability
50-69
IQ for moderate learning disability
35-49
IQ for severe learning disability
20-34
IQ for profound learning disability
<20
Term for how well someone meets the standards of personal independence that would be expected at their age
Adaptive functioning
Example of a standardised scale used to measure adaptive functioning
Vineland adaptive behaviour scale
Characteristic features of mild LD in speech and language
Delay in speaking
Develops speech and communication skills
Characteristic features of mild LD in self care
Generally independent
Characteristic features of mild LD in academic abilities
Difficulties reading and writing
Able to gain skills up to around end of primary school level
Characteristic features of mild LD in employment
May be in paid employment
Characteristic features of moderate LD in speech and language
Delay in speaking
Develops speech skills but with some deficits
Characteristic features of moderate LD in academic abilities
Often able to develop academic abilities up to mid primary school level
Characteristic features of moderate LD in self care
May be independent with training
Characteristic features of moderate LD in employment
May be able to be employed in unskilled or semi skilled work with supervision
Characteristic features of severe LD in speech
Minimal verbal speech
Characteristic features of severe LD in self care
May participate in self care with assistance
Characteristic features of severe LD in independence
May live in a supervised living situation
Characteristic features of severe LD in employment
May be able to perform some work-related tasks with supervision
Characteristic features of profound LD in speech and language
Limited comprehension
Minimal use of language
Characteristic features of profound LD in self care
Will require assistance with most elements
Characteristic features of profound LD in independence
Will likely need lifelong care
Percentage of the population with LD
1-3%
Percentage of people with LD who have mild LD
85%
Percentage of people with LD who have moderate LD
10%
Percentage of people with LD who have severe LD
4%
Percentage of people with LD who have profound LD
1-2%
Percentage of patients with LD who have comorbid psychiatric issues
66%
Severity of LD most associated with conduct disorders
Mild LD
Severity of LD most associated with autism
Severe LD
Percentage of patients with LD who have epilepsy
20-25%
Percentage of patients with profound LD who have seizures
Up to 50%
Percentage of patients with LD who have hearing loss
25-42%
Number of years earlier patients with LD die on average compared to the general population
13-20 years
Controversial type of LD suggested by E. O. Lewis
Subcultural
Socioeconomic group subcultural LD is most common in
5
Age at which self injuring behaviour most often occurs in people with LD
5-20
Age at which self injuring behaviour often emerges in people with LD
2-3
Age range with the highest rate of LD
School aged children
Percentage of patients with epilepsy who have a LD
30-40%
Percentage of patients with LD who have ADHD
15-20%
Percentage of patients with LD who have self injuring behaviour
15-20%
Percentage of people with LD where it is not possible to identify a cause
60%
Most common genetic cause of LD
Down syndrome
Percentage of adults with a learning disability who have a mental illness
40%
Second most common cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X syndrome
Percentage of people with LD who have autism
7.5%
Percentage of people with LD who have ADHD
1.5%
Percentage of people with LD who have problem behaviour
22.5%
Percentage of people with LD who have affective disorder
6%
