DEFINITION Flashcards
DEFINITION OF BYPASS STREAM
A fraction of the input skips part of the process and directly joins later stages without undergoing intermediate transformations.
DEFINITION OF RECYCLE STREAM
A portion of the output is sent back to the process to be reused, reducing waste and improving efficiency.
DEFINITION OF MATERIAL BALANCE
- is about keeping track of all the mass in a system.
- ensures that the total mass coming in, going out, and staying in the system always adds up because mass cannot be created or destroyed.
- includes changes due to reactions but still follows the rule that the total mass stays the same.
DEFINITION OF HEAT OF REACTION
Heat change during a chemical reaction under constant pressure.
DEFINITION OF HEAT OF FORMATION
Heat change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
DEFINITION OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION
Heat released when one mole of a substance burns completely in oxygen.
DEFINITION OF SENSIBLE HEAT
Heat that causes a change in temperature without a phase change.
DEFINITION OF LATENT HEAT
Heat absorbed or released during a phase change without temperature change.
WHAT IS THE CONDITION TO APPLY IDEAL GAS EQUATION FROM MATERIAL BALANCE AND THERMODYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE?
Low pressure and high temperature (gases behave ideally).
EXPLAIN FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. WHAT IS THE FORMULA?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Q−W=ΔU (Heat added - Work done = Change in internal energy).
HOW TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SYSTEM IS OPEN OR CLOSED?
Open System: Mass and energy can cross system boundaries (There is presence of flow)
Closed System: Only energy can cross boundaries, no mass transfer.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR THE SYSTEM TO BE IN A STEADY STATE?
- No changes in system properties over time (e.g., temperature, pressure, composition).
- Input = Output, no accumulation of mass or energy.
