Definition Flashcards
A group of statements in which is claimed to follow from the premises
Argument
A statement of information intended to provide support for a conclusion
Premise
The main point of the argument that is claimed to follow from the premises of an argument
Conclusion
An argument where true premises make it impossible for conclusion to be false
Valid
An argument where even if premises are all true, it is still possible for conclusion to be false
Invalid
The argument is valid and the premises are, in fact, true
Sound
The argument is valid and at least one premise is false, or the argument is invalid
Unsound
Someone points out a flaw in someone else’s argument
Objection
Deals with our concept of knowledge, how we learn and what we can know
Epistemology
the field of philosophy concerned with human values and how individuals should act
Ethics/Moral Philosophy
Concerned with questions about what whether or not morality exists, and what it consists of if it does
Meta-Ethics
Concerned with how moral values should be developed
Normative Ethics
Deals with how moral values can be applied to specific cases
Applied Ethics
Represent the practical necessity of a possible action as a means for attaining something else one wants
Hypothetical Imperatives
Represents an action as objectivity necessary in itself, without reference to another end, as a result of reason alone
Categorical Imperatives
Subjective principles of action, the principle on which you see yourself acting
Maxim
aims complete pursued for its own sake, self-sufficient, something that could not be added to in order to make it better
Intrinsic good
the aims chosen because of something else, not complete
Instrumental good
The field in philosophy that focuses on the institutions of a society, what their obligations are, who they have obligations to, and why they have those obligations
Concerned with government, law, and social justice
Political philosophy
What humans would be like before society or government
State of nature
Everyone gives up their absolute liberty (to do whatever they want and deem necessary to survive) to the state (government)
In exchange, the state provides security and safety
Social contract
Giving everyone what they are due
Justice
