Definition Flashcards

Question

Bartholin glands (the greater vestibular gland)

Answer 1

produce a mucus-like secretion for lubrication during sexual intercourse

Answer 2

The purpose of reproduction is to produce

Answer 3

The right ovary and left ovary because they produce ova (eggs) and hormones. The right ovary and left ovary because they produce over

Answer 4

Produces ova are the primary reproductive structures because they produce ova (eggs) and hormones -about the size and shape of an almond

Answer 5

Is associated with each ovary

Answer 6

Receives a nurtures of fertilized ovum Is the muscular organ that prepares to receive and nurture the fertilized ovum Hollow and pear-shaped

Answer 7

Outlet from the uterus The lower and narrow part that has the outlet from the uterus When used alone, the term cervix often means the cervix uteri.

Answer 8

Birth canal is the connection between the internal genitalia and the outside?

Answer 9

ovaries uterus vagina several glands

Answer 10

is associated with each ovary. these tubes are also called uterine tubes, because they extend laterally from the upper portion of the uterus to the region of the ovary. The fallopian tube is the most common site of fertilization of the ovum, which disintegrates or dies within 24 to 48 hours if it is not fertilized.

Answer 11

finger like projections of the fallopian tube When an ovum is produced, the fimbriae create currents that sweep the ovum into the tube, and it is then carried along toward the uterus over the next 5 to 7 days.

Answer 12

Periodic shedding of the inner lining of the uterus, occurs in the non-pregnant uterus from puberty until menopause, usually between 45 and 55 years of age.

Answer 13

mons pubis Libia majora Labia minora Clitoris Prepuce Openings for glands

Answer 14

Commonly called the birth canal, is muscular and capable of sufficient expansion for passage of the child during childbirth. It also serves as the repository for sperm during intercourse and the passage for menstrual flow.

Answer 15

The vagina is the connection between the internal genitalia and the outside through its opening called the.………..

Answer 16

Inflammation of uterine tissue

Answer 17

Consist of three layers of tissue. From the outermost layer to the innermost layer, the layers are called perimetrium myometrium endometrium Is the normal site where a fertilized ovum implants and develops The uterus consists of an upper portion, a large main portion, and a narrow region that connects with the vagina.

Answer 18

around/uterine/membrane Perimetrium-is a membrane that surrounds the uterus The outer layer of the uterus

Answer 19

muscle/uterine/membrane Muscular middle layer of the uterine tissue Is the thick muscular wall of the uterus Middle layer of the uterus

Answer 20

inside/uterine/membrane The inner most layer of the uterus, is a mucus membrane. Mucus membrane that lines the uterus

Answer 21

The upper, bulging surface of the uterus, above the entrance of the uterine tubes

Answer 22

The large main portion.

Answer 23

The narrow region

Answer 24

Refers to the neck itself or part of an organ that resembles a neck

Answer 25

The proper name of the uterine cervix Specifically means the lower, neck like portion of the uterus, although it is common to see cervix written alone and meaning the cervix uteri.

Answer 26

Is inflammation of the cervix uteri and the vagina.

Answer 27

Inflammation of the vagina and the urinary bladder

Answer 28

Ovary/pertaining to Pertaining to the ovary

Answer 29

Uterus/pertaining to Pertaining to the uterus

Answer 30

vagina/pertaining to Pertaining to the vagina

Answer 31

Cervix/pertaining to Pertaining to the cervix

Answer 32

Pertaining to within the uterus

Answer 33

During much of a woman’s life, the endometrium goes through a monthly cycle of growth and discharge

Answer 34

Normally occur in females from shortly after the onset of menstruation to menopause

Answer 35

Initial hormone that causes thickening of the endometrium Female sex hormones

Answer 36

The second hormone secreted by the corpus luteum The hormone produced by corpus luteum in the ovaries, adrenal cortex and placenta. It prepares and maintains the uterus during pregnancy.

Answer 37

The hormones produced by these structures act on the ovaries to bring about two important functions: the production of ova as well as two additional hormones, estrogen, and progesterone

Answer 38

The stage of development, when genitalia reach maturity Stage of development, when genitalia reach maturity and secondary sex characteristics appear. The external characteristics of sexual maturity include adult distribution of hair and development of the breasts and menarche, usually between 9 and 13 years of age.

Answer 39

Is the first occurrence of menstruation, the periodic bloody discharge caused by the shedding of the endometrium from the non-pregnant uterus. The date of the last menstrual period(LMP) is important, particularly when pregnancy is suspected or menopause is being investigated.

Answer 40

The natural cessation of reproductive cycles and menstruation with the decline of reproductive hormones in later years. Menopause may occur earlier as a result of illness or surgical removal of the uterus or both ovaries.

Answer 41

Periodic bloody discharge caused by shedding of the endometrium

Answer 42

Reflects the changes that occur within the ovaries. The secretion of female reproductive hormones follows monthly cyclic patterns that affect the ovaries and uterus.

Answer 43

Reflects the changes that take place in the uterus The secretion of female reproductive problems follows monthly cyclic patterns that affect the ovaries and uterus. Together these cycles called the ovarian cycle and the menstrual uterine cycle, make up the female reproductive cycle, (having an average of 28 days).

Answer 44

Begin at puberty, when certain unknown stimuli caused the hypothalamus to start secreting a hormone that acts on the pituitary gland.

Answer 45

Begins to secrete two hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), that act on follicles in the ovaries.

Answer 46

Stimulates a follicle

Answer 47

It’s a small ovarian recess or pit that contains fluid and surrounds an ovum (egg). Generally one of them is released each month. The follicle produces hormones and grows in preparation for release of the ovum. These changes in the follicle are classified as the follicular phase, which is followed by the luteal phase.

Answer 48

The release of an ovum from the ovary Is the release of the ovum from the ovarian follicle After the ovum is released, the ruptured follicle in larges, takes on a yellowish appearance, and is called the corpus luteum, meaning yellow body

Answer 49

Meaning yellow body

Answer 50

Are represented by follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum

Answer 51

Is named after the yellow with structure called the corpus luteum

Answer 52

Increasing amounts of estrogen are secreted and stimulate repair of the endometrium Estrogen reaches its peak, near the middle of the cycle, and then decreases until the next month.

Answer 53

Secretes another important hormone, progesterone, which causes continued growth and thickening of the endometrium with additional preparatory activities to support a potential embryo. If fertilization (union of the ovum and sperm) does not occur, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate, and the cycle starts again.

Answer 54

Is the same hormone that brings about development of the female secondary sex characteristics, the external physical signs of sexual maturity, such as the development of breasts and pubic hair.

Answer 55

Is the second hormone that is secreted by the corpus luteum

Answer 56

This portion of the menstrual cycle has two important phases Follicular phase Is represented by changes in the follicle and results in ovulation (release of the ovum) Luteal phase Is represented by changes in the follicle that result in secretion of progesterone by the matured follicle.

Answer 57

Occurs simultaneously with the ovarian cycle, and is the result of estrogen and progesterone secretion by the ovaries. The uterine cycle begins with menstruation (which occurs on day, one of the cycle and continues for 3 to 5 days ), I would buy the king of the endometrium along with secretion of glycogen, which will nourish a developing embryo if fertilization occurs

Answer 58

Means the normal flow of blood during menstruation when fertilization has not occurred. Menses and menstruation are often used interchangeably

Answer 59

Prepare the uterus for pregnancy

Answer 60

ovum/origin or beginning Formation of ova

Answer 61

Account for 1/5 of all visits by females to physicians. Many diagnostic procedures and treatments are available to females with gynecological disorders.

Answer 62

Of the female reproductive system includes examination of the breath, but external genitalia and the pelvis

Answer 63

An instrument used to examine the vagina and cervix walls Is an instrument that can be pushed apart after it is inserted into the vagina to allow examination of the cervix and the walls of the vagina.

Answer 64

1) proper position of inserted speculum 2) the bimanual examination. The abdominal hand presses the pelvic organs toward the intravaginal hand. 3) rectovaginal examination. The examiners index finger is placed in the vagina and the middle finger is inserted into the rectum.

Answer 65

1) inspection of the external genitalia 2) the speculum examination. The vaginal walls and the cervix are inspected. Smears (Pap smear for cytologic examination) are obtained. 3) bimanual examination, assesses the location, size and mobility of the pelvic organs. 4) the rectovaginal examination is not always performed. In this examination, the posterior aspect of the genital organs and rectal tissue can be evaluated. We

Answer 66

The study of cells in a pap test Means the study of cells. Both Pap smears and endometrial biopsies are performed to detect cancer of the cervix.

Answer 67

An excellent method for early detection of cervical cancer Grading Pap smears as class I, II, III, IV, or V. Class I is normal and class V is definitely cancer Material is collected from areas of the body that shed cells. The cells are than studied microscopically. Pap smear may refer to collection of material from other surfaces that shed cells, but it usually refers to collection and examinations cells from the vagina and cervix.

Answer 68

A cancer of the uterine cervix When the Pap smear is examined microscopically, malignant cells have a characteristic appearance that indicates cancer, sometimes before symptoms appear?

Answer 69

In a Pap smear, an alteration in the shape, growth, or number of cells that is not a sign of cancer, but indicates a tendency of the cells to become malignant is called______________ Bad/development Cancer of the uterus may begin with a change in the shape, grow, and number of cells called ……….. The dysplasia is not cancer, but cells of this type tend to become malignant. This abnormality, which can be detected before cancer occurs is called………..

Answer 70

A vaginal and urethral parasite

Answer 71

Slide-staining technique that helps identify bacteria Is slide straining technique that aids in classification and identification of bacteria, especially useful for vaginal smears if gonorrhea or chlamydial infection is suspected

Answer 72

Blood test for syphilis Are blood test to detect and monitor syphilis

Answer 73

Is the name of the hormone that is tested for in pregnancy test Is present in body, fluids of pregnant, females, and blood or urine is tested to determine whether pregnancy exists.

Answer 74

Pertains to the chorion A membrane that develops around a fertilized embryo

Answer 75

A hormone that is tested to ascertain pregnancy is human chorionic Is a hormonal substance that stimulates the gonads in this case, the ovaries

Answer 76

Using low powered microscopy to examine the vaginal mucosa and cervix Involves the use of a low powered microscope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix The instrument used is a colposcope

Answer 77

Is removal of tissue from the cervix

Answer 78

Collection of tissue from the lining of the uterus

Answer 79

Direct visualization of the uterus with a hysteroscope. Is visual examination of the interior of the uterus with the endoscope Is direct visual inspection of the cervical canal and uterine cavity, using an endoscope passed through the vagina

Answer 80

The name of the endoscope used when doing a hysteroscopy

Answer 81

May be helpful in detecting masses, such as ovarian cyst.

Answer 82

May be used to detect a tumor within the pelvis

Answer 83

Radiographic examination of the uterus and the uterine tubes after an injection of a radiopaque contrast medium Is a radiologic examination of the uterus, and the uterine (or fallopian) tubes after an injection of radiopaque material into those organs. it allows evaluation of the size, shape, and position of the organs, including tumors and certain other abnormalities, as well as obstruction of the uterine tube.

Answer 84

Is the record that is produced in hysterosalpingography

Answer 85

Examining the pelvic cavity after making one or more small abdominal incision Is the examination of the abdominal cavity with that laparoscope through one or more small incisions of the abdominal wall. This surgical procedure is especially useful for inspection of the ovaries and other structures within the pelvic cavity, as well as collection of the biopsy specimens or performance of tubal legation to prevent pregnancy.

Answer 86

The purpose of the uterine cannula is to allow movement of the uterus during laparoscopy

Answer 87

Membrane that develops around the fertilized embryo

Answer 88

Collection and examination of cells from the vagina and cervix

Answer 89

Direct microscopic examination of fluid

Answer 90

Painful menstruation Heavy or irregular flow Spotty Absence of or skipping periods Premenstrual syndrome

Answer 91

without/month/discharge Absence of menstruation, such as absence of menstruation due to under development of the reproductive organs or hormonal disturbances. Amenorrhea is normal before puberty, after menopause, and during pregnancy.

Answer 92

Difficult or painful/month/discharge Painful or difficult menstruation

Answer 93

Month/hemorrhage Heavy or long menstrual periods

Answer 94

Month/discharge Normal menstruation; sometimes to profuse menstruation

Answer 95

Uterine tissue/hemorrhage Uterine bleeding other than that caused by ministration; may occur as spotting or outright bleeding and is caused by cervical cancer or uterine tumors.

Answer 96

Is nervous tension, irritability, Adema, weight gain, sleep, changes, mood, swings, fatigue, headache, and painful breaths that can occur the last few days before the onset of menstruation.

Answer 97

Means pain in the region of the ovary during ovulation Means abdominal pain in the region of an ovary during ovulation. It is helpful in pinpointing the fertile period of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 98

vagina/inflammation of Inflammation of the vaginal tissues. This may be accompanied by itching, burning or discomfort during urination, and vaginal discharge; however, some infections are asymptomatic.

Answer 99

Or sometimes considered an STD, but infection can also occur after childbirth or after taking antibiotics that produce changes in the vaginal tissues that allow overgrowth of normal flora, such as C. Albicans, which can cause a yeast infection.

Answer 100

The same as vaginitis. Inflammation or infection of the vagina.

Answer 101

Inflammation of the vulva, and is associated with itching and burning. This can be caused by infection, contact with irritants, or systemic condition. Laser therapy may be performed for persistent vulvitis.

Answer 102

Inflammation of the vulva and vagina. Vulvar infections can be extensions of vaginal infections.

Answer 103

Is infection of the vagina involve her with C. albicans.

Answer 104

is a fungal infection (may be a STD) An infection caused by Candida Means a condition caused by C. albicans

Answer 105

Absence/ovulation Failure of the ovaries to produce, mature, or release ova Lack of ovulation Absence of ovulation, is failure of the ovaries to produce, mature, or release ova. It’s causes include altered ovarian function or dysfunction, side effects of medications, and stress or disease.

Answer 106

Is a globular sac filled with fluid or semi solid material that develops in or on the ovary. Benign cyst are common and may be asymptomatic, or they may cause pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities Very large benign cyst is soft and surrounded by a thin capsule. Ovarian masses are often asymptomatic until they are large enough to cause pressure in the pelvis.

Answer 107

The legal cause of death from reproductive cancer The ovary is enormously enlarged by the tumor. Ovarian cancer is often far advanced when diagnosed.

Answer 108

Is a hormonal disturbance characterized by anovulation, amenorrhea, and infertility. It is caused by increased levels of testosterone (hormone that is secreted in large quantities in males, and smaller quantities and females), estrogen, and L H, and decreased secretion FSH.

Answer 109

This means a person is without symptoms

Answer 110

Is the leading cause of death from reproductive cancers because the disease has usually spread it to other organs by the time it is discovered. Sonography and CT may detect the ovarian mass, but diagnosis generally requires surgical exploration and pathological confirmation of the diagnosis .

Answer 111

ovary/pain Ovarian pain

Answer 112

ovary/inflammation Inflammation of an ovary

Answer 113

ovary/disease Any disease of an ovary

Answer 114

ovary/uterine tube/inflammation Inflammation of an ovary and a uterine tube

Answer 115

Uterine tube/information Inflammation of a uterine tube

Answer 116

Uterine tube/herniation Hernial protrusion of a uterine tube

Answer 117

Sometimes a fertilized ovum implants in a site other than within the uterine wall. The abnormal implantation site is usually in the uterine tube The most common type of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 118

Fertilize egg implants outside the uterus Is one in which a fertilized ovum implants somewhere outside the uterine cavity. Means situated in an unusual place, away from its normal location

Answer 119

The uterine tubes are usually infected in pelvic, inflammatory disease. Without treatment, the tubes can become obstructed and cause infertility. PID is any infection that involves the upper genital tract beyond the cervix. Untreated gonococcal or staphylococcal infections, can spread along the endometrium to the uterus tubes and caused an acute salpingitis. If untreated or treated, it adequately, the tubes can become obstructed. PID

Answer 120

Infection/blood

Answer 121

A sudden, high fever, headache, confusion, acute renal failure, and abnormal liver function are characteristics This acute disease is caused by a type of staphylococcus species and is most common in menstruating women who use tampons.

Answer 122

Three stages of uterine prolapse grade 1) uterus bulges into the vagina, but does not protrude through the entrance grade 2) cervix isvisible within the vagina grade 3) body of the uterus and cervix protrude through the vaginal orifice.

Answer 123

The stage of uterine cancer is identified by the extent to which it has spread to other organs

Answer 124

Uterus/any disease Any disease of the uterus

Answer 125

Uterine/prolapse Weakening of the ligaments causes a prolapse uterus Prolapsed uterus can be congenital or caused by heavy physical exertion. It is classified according to its severity.

Answer 126

The uterus, normalize midline of the pelvis; however, some variations, called neutering displacements, occur.

Answer 127

A) anteversion-forward displacement of the body of the uterus toward the pubis, (the anterior portion of the hipbone.)with the cervix tilted. B) retroversion-tipped backward (the opposite of anteversion) C) anteflexion-bending forward of the uterus D) retroflextion-bending backward of the uterus

Answer 128

A condition in which endometrium occurs in places besides the uterus The abnormal location of endometrial tissue is often the ovaries and less commonly other pelvic structures Is an abnormal condition in which tissue that contains typical endometrial elements is present outside the uterus, usually within the pelvic activity.

Answer 129

Inflammation of the myometrium

Answer 130

Inflammation of the endometrium and is generally produced by bacterial invasion of the endometrium.

Answer 131

And period of endometriosis inside an ovary

Answer 132

Is an abnormal adherence of structures that are not normally joined

Answer 133

(scar tissue that binds anatomic surfaces that normally are separate) is the body’s response to peritoneal trauma. For example, adhesions commonly form in the abdomen, after abdominal surgery, inflammation, or injury, and may cause amenorrhea or infertility. Adhesions are frequently seen during laparscopic procedures . Example, scar tissue that has formed within the afternoon after repeated surgeries is a type of abdominal adhesion.

Answer 134

Smooth/muscle/tumor Also called uterine fibroids is the most common benign tumor occurring within the uterus The tumors develop from the myometrium, and stay attached by means of a pedicle. Subserosal, submucosal, and intramural leiomyomas protrude through the outer surface of the Nygren wall, protrude into the cavity of the uterus, or are contained within that you were in the wall, respectively.

Answer 135

Are benign lesions attached to the cervix, often by a stalk, and can sometimes be seen in a gynecological examination

Answer 136

cervix uteri/inflammation of Refers specifically to information of the cervix uteri. Acute cervicitis is infection of the cervix, marked by redness, bleeding on contact, a foul smelling discharge from the vagina, and often pain, itching, or burning. Acute cervicitis may be caused by several species of bacteria, chlamydia (specialized bacteria) candida albicans (yeast), Trichomonas vaginalis.

Answer 137

Persistent inflammation of the cervix

Answer 138

white/discharge Specifically refers to a white, viscid discharge from the vagina and the uterine cavity. Normally occurs in the adult female, and is somewhat increase before and after the menstrual period.

Answer 139

Is pain of the vagina

Answer 140

Vagina/hemorrhage Hemorrhage from the vagina

Answer 141

Are abnormal openings between the vagina and the urethra, the bladder, or the rectum

Answer 142

Occur between the urethra and the vagina

Answer 143

An abnormal opening between the rectum and a vagina Is one that occurs between the rectum and the vagina

Answer 144

Occurs between the urinary bladder and the vagina

Answer 145

Herniation of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina. bladder/herniation Protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina, occurs when support is weak in between the two structures. A large cystocele can interfere with emptying the bladder.

Answer 146

rectum/herniation Occurs from a weakening between the vagina and rectum. Both problems are common and often asymptomatic. A large rectocele can interfere with empty in the rectum .

Answer 147

Weakening of the ligaments that hold the uterus in place

Answer 148

A common uterine condition in which it is tipped backward

Answer 149

Painful menstrual flow, is caused by uterine cramping, and can usually be alleviated with aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen.

Answer 150

Can be treated by surgical and pharmaceutical means (for example, hormone replacement, and stimulation of the ovaries)

Answer 151

It’s a natural termination of menstruation, and many women experienced few, if any unpleasant symptoms of hot flashes and night sweats.

Answer 152

A pharmaceutical intervention for treating the symptoms of menopause is HRT. So how was your snapping today? Do I need to check it? What’s up OK I’m trusting you Kade all right I appreciate it. A combination of estrogen and progesterone, is the primary intervention for women who experience the symptoms of transition, or for those at high risk of osteoporosis (abnormal loss of bone density) and deterioration of bone tissue.

Answer 153

Vagina/surgical repair Surgical repair of the vagina

Answer 154

Vagina/suture Suture of the vagina

Answer 155

Uterus/excision Removal of the uterus; removal of the uterus through the abdominal wall is an Abdominal hysterectomy. A vaginal hysterectomy, also called a colopohysterectomy, is the removal of the uterus by way of the vagina. A laparohysterectomy is laparoscopic removal of the uterus.

Answer 156

Uterus/surgical fixation Surgical fixation of a displaced uterus Surgical taxation of the uterus to the abdominal wall

Answer 157

Ovary/excision Surgical excision of one ovary (for example, laparoscopic oophorectomy of a polycystic ovary) or both ovaries (for example, and ovarian cancer) is performed when possible. Removal of both ovaries, prohibits reproduction.

Answer 158

ovary/uterus/excision Is removal of the uterus and ovaries Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus

Answer 159

Ovary/surgical fixation Surgical fixation of an ovary Surgical fixation to correct an overhead that has lost its normal support

Answer 160

Ovary/uterine tube/excision Removal of an ovary and its uterine tube salpingo-oophorectomy

Answer 161

ovary/pertaining to cyst/excision Removal of a benign ovarian cyst, using either laparoscopy or open abdominal surgery.

Answer 162

Uterus/excision Removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, lymph nodes, and lymph channaels, as well as the uterus and cervix

Answer 163

Uterine tube/surgical fixation Surgical fixation of the uterine tube Surgical fixation of a fallopian tube

Answer 164

Uterine tube/suture Suture of a fallopian tube

Answer 165

Vagina/excision Removal of all or part of the vagina, used to treat vaginal cancer; colpectomy

Answer 166

Vulva/excision Excision of the vulva, characteristically used to treat vulval cancer

Answer 167

Avoids contamination of the peritoneal cavity or the incision. Once the specimen is completely within the bag, the drawstring is closed.

Answer 168

Simple vulvectomy includes the removal of the skin of the labia minors, labia majora, and clitoris

Answer 169

Is excision of the labia majora, Libia minora, clitoris, surrounding tissue, and pelvic lymph nodes

Answer 170

Removal of a fallopian tube Is surgical removal of one or both uterine tubes and one must stay at which uterine tube is removed or if it is bilateral removal. It is performed for removal of a tumor or cyst, or as a method of sterilization, and is included in a hysterectomy, or oophorectomy

Answer 171

The sterilization procedure in which both fallopian tubes are constricted, severed, or crushed Is one of several sterilization procedures, in which both uterine tubes are constricted, severed, or crushed to prevent conception.

Answer 172

Condition of being open

Answer 173

Forming a new opening into a fallopian tube Making a new opening into a uterine tube, may be performed also for the purpose of drainage if a uterine tube is obstructed by infection or scar tissue.

Answer 174

In a D&C, the cervix is dilated, and the endometrium is scraped. A common surgical procedure that is performed for either diagnosis or treatment In this procedure, the cervix is dilated to allow the insertion of a curet into the uterus The surgical procedure is done to assess disease of the uterus, to correct heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding, to empty the uterus of residue after childbirth, and/or to remove the products of conception.

Answer 175

It’s a surgical instrument shaped like a spoon or scoop, and is used for scraping and removal of material from the endometrium.

Answer 176

Destruction of the endometrium

Answer 177

Lysis of adhesions Destruction of adhesions

Answer 178

cold/treatment Treatment using subfreezing temperatures to destroy tissue Treatment using cold temperatures Is a treatment that uses a sub freezing temperature to destroy tissue. Cryosurgery and laser surgery are especially useful in the treatment of lesions of genital warts.

Answer 179

To burn tissues by laser, hot metal, electricity, or another agent with the objective of destroying tissue

Answer 180

Verb example The tissue is cauterized in cauterization

Answer 181

Removal of all pelvic organs, is done when other forms of therapy are ineffective in controlling the spread of cancer and no metastases have been found outside the pelvis. This radical surgery usually involves removal of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, vagina, bladder, do Reatha, and pelvic lymph nodes.

Answer 182

When the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes are removed.

Answer 183

Removal of the uterus through a small opening in my abdominal wall

Answer 184

Instrument to visualize the abdominal cavity

Answer 185

Pertaining to the period of life after normal cessation of menstruation

Answer 186

Removal of both ovaries and uterine tubes Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes

Answer 187

Examination of the external and internal female genitalia

Answer 188

Herniation of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina

Answer 189

produces, sustains, and transports spermatozoa; introduces them into the female vagina; and produces hormones.

Answer 190

Are responsible for production of both spermatozoa and hormones. Is the plural form of testis, which means the same as testicle all other organs, ducts, and glands in this system transport and sustain the spermatoza, the male, sex cells, often shortened to sperm (singular, spermatozoon or sperm) Sperm leave the testis through ducts that enter the epididymis

Answer 191

Testes, the primary organs of the male reproductive system.

Answer 192

Foreskin, covers the glans penis

Answer 193

A tightly coiled comma–shaped organ, located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes. Lying just posterior to the testis is the epididymis, where sperm are stored until they are released

Answer 194

The testes and epididymides are contained in a pouch of skin that is posterior to the penis that contains the testes and their accessory organs

Answer 195

begins at the epididymis, continues upward, and then enters the abdominopelvic cavity. Each ductus deferens joins a duct from the seminal vesicle to form a short ejaculatory duct is a long duct that begins at the epididymis, enters the abdominal cavity, and connects with other structures of the internal reproductive tract. Is the duct leading from the epididymis

Answer 196

Passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

Answer 197

Contribute an alkaline mucuslike fluid to the semen.

Answer 198

Is expulsion of the semen from the urethra

Answer 199

The male organ for copulation, transfers, sperm to the vagina.

Answer 200

Conical tip of the penis

Answer 201

Is sexual union between male and female, during which the penis is inserted into the vagina

Answer 202

The prostate, seminal vesicles, and the bulbourethral glands produce fluids that contribute to the semen and are necessary for the survival of the sperm

Answer 203

is the secretion of the male reproductive organs that is discharged from the urethra during ejaculation.

Answer 204

Pertaining to semen

Answer 205

penis/pertaining to pertaining to the penis

Answer 206

prostate/pertaining to Pertaining to the prostate

Answer 207

scrotum/pertaining to pertaining to the scrotum

Answer 208

spermatozoa/pertaining to Pertaining to sperm or pertaining to semen

Answer 209

testicle/pertaining to pertaining to a testicle

Answer 210

Production of sperm is called_______ spermatozoa/producing, or for me produced by, or in is the production or formation of mature, functional sperm capable of participating in conception, the union of a sperm with an ovum. The hypothalamus in the brain, the pituitary gland, and the testis produce hormones that influence spermatogenesis. Begins at puberty and normally continues throughout life, showing a decline in later years.

Answer 211

Testis is divided into several compartments called_______

Answer 212

Each lobule contains convoluted seminiferous tubules. Sperm are produced in these tubules sperm are produced within

Answer 213

A cross-section of a seminiferous tubule shows that seminiferous tubules are surrounded by cells called____________ _____ __ ______ these cells produce a major male sex hormone, testosterone

Answer 214

The nucleus contains the chromosomes and is located in the head. The tip of the head is covered by an ACROSOME, which contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum. The midpiece contains mitochondria that provide energy, and the tail is the typical flagellum (for movement)

Answer 215

SEMINIFEROUS Tubules of the testes (sperm production) EPIDIDYMIS (Sperm storage) Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra Ejaculation of sperm in semen

Answer 216

Singular form spermatozoon

Answer 217

The major male sex hormone produced by the testicles LH acts on interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Testosterone also brings about male secondary sex characteristics for example, enlarging of the sex organs, distribution of hair, deepening of the boys, and increased muscular development. Often called the masculine, amazing hormone.

Answer 218

also called semen is a mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands (prostate, seminal vessels, and bulbourethral glands)

Answer 219

Is the condition of swelling, rigidity, and elevation of the penis, and to a lesser degree in the clitoris of the female, caused by sexual arousal

Answer 220

It’s a facility for storage of semen to be use for artificial insemination or sperm storage

Answer 221

The structure that is responsible for sperm production

Answer 222

One of the two important hormones that stimulate sperm production are FSH and…….

Answer 223

1) Inspection of the external genitalia are examined for the dissent and size of the testicles, abnormalities of the scrotum and penis, and the presence of urethral discharge 2) palpitation for inguinal hernias 3) examination of the rectum digitally

Answer 224

Means secretions from the urethra

Answer 225

Lesions or ulcers on the penis may indicate……..

Answer 226

Produce blisters

Answer 227

Chancre is a lesion that indicates that first stage of syphilis appearance of a painless sore The VDRL and the RPR tests are blood test to detect and monitor syphilis

Answer 228

Palpitation me reveal an inguinal hernia, one in which a loop of intestine enters that inguinal canal, which is the passageway in the lower muscular layers of the abdomen wall. That is a common site for hernias, sometimes feels that entire scrotal sac..

Answer 229

Is an assessment of the prostate gland and the rectum. The examiner inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum, and the size and consistency of the prostate are assessed.

Answer 230

is a procedure recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for detecting, tumors, or other abnormalities of the testicles

Answer 231

Blood test for prostatic cancer is a blood test used to screen for prostate cancer and to monitor the patient’s response to treatment. Elevated PSA levels are associated with prostatic cancer. The antigen that is a tumor marker for prostatic cancer

Answer 232

Removal of tissue for microscopic study A needle biopsy of the prostate is generally performed if cancer of the prostate is suspected. In a needle biopsy, A small amount of tissue is removed, using a needle inserted from the outside. In this case the needle is inserted through the rectal mucosa to the prostate. Cytology is performed on the tissue, examining the cells microscopically for the presence of cancer cells.

Answer 233

Is the study of cells

Answer 234

Test of semen The test that evaluates the number and health of spermatozoa One of the most important aspects of a fertility study, involves measuring freshly collected, semen for volume and sperm, count, as well as motility and morphology. The sperm count is a test for male fertility in a sperm count, the number, appearance, and motility of the sperm in a collected sample of semen are examined.

Answer 235

urinary tract/the study of Specialty for the urinary tract and male reproductive system Is the branch of medicine that specializes in the male and female urinary tract and also includes male reproductive structures

Answer 236

Occurs most often in younger men

Answer 237

Is common in older men

Answer 238

Axial rotation of the spermatic cord is testicular Twisting of the spermatic cord

Answer 239

inflammation of the glans penis

Answer 240

It’s a special processing, freezing, and storage of spring for a sperm bank for future use

Answer 241

testis/excision excision of the testis removal of both testes results in infertility

Answer 242

Is sometimes used with high-dose chemotherapy. In stem cell transplantation, the patient’s stem cells are removed from the bone marrow and preserved by freezing for later transplantation

Answer 243

testicle/surgical repair surgical repair of a testicle when torsion, twisting of the spermatic cord, has occurred, loss of blood supply to a testicle for more than a few hours, will result in deterioration of the testicle. Surgical correction soon after the injury is important to prevent loss of the testicle.

Answer 244

testicle/incision means incision (and drainage) of a testicle

Answer 245

testicle/suture Means suture of a testicle

Answer 246

The prosthesis that is designed to treat an erectile dysfunction. Surgical implantation to correct erectile dysfunction One of several types of prostheses, this self-contained type consist of a pump, a cylinder filled with fluid, and a reservoir, all in one unit. The patient squeezes the pump just below the head of the penis to fill the cylinder and achieve direction. When an erection is no longer desired, the patient presses a release valve, located behind the pump.

Answer 247

Drugs, such as Sildenafil (Viagra) or tadalafil (Cialis), are used to treat erectile dysfunction, particularly when the problem is inability to sustain an erection Surgical treatment includes injections and surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis.

Answer 248

Means an artificial replacement for a body part (for example, an artificial arm or leg) or a device designed to improve function (for example, a hearing aid).

Answer 249

testicle/fixation Surgical fixation of a testicle Is corrective surgery for cryptorchidism Is surgical fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum Orchiopexy, sometimes called orchidopexy, is the attachment of the previously undescended testicle to the wall of the scrotum.

Answer 250

Is surgical removal of a hydrocele,(a mass, usually filled with a straw-colored fluid)

Answer 251

Is the surgical removal of the end of the prepuce and is commonly performed on the male infant at birth. The tightness of the prepuce in phimosis can usually be corrected by circumcision ritual female circumcision (excision of the prepuce of the clitoris) is performed in some parts of the world and may include largely closing up the vagina with clips or stitches.

Answer 252

Inflammation of the prostate inflammation is often the result of infection and is treated with antibiotics.

Answer 253

Removal of small pieces of the prostate via the urethra when the prostate gland is so enlarged (BPH) that it interferes with urination or causes frequent infection I’d transurethral resection prostatectomy may be necessary (transurethral resection of the prostate) TURP In a TURP, small pieces of the enlarged prostate are exercised. This procedure has been replaced in selected cases by photoselective vaporization of the prostate. (Green Light PVP) A variety of laser procedures are available, sometimes referred to as laser prostatectomy

Answer 254

Is a surgical procedure that is performed through the urethra

Answer 255

Less invasive technologies are available for treatment, 1) transurethral microwave thermotherapy TUMT - uses microwave energy to raise the temperature of the prostatic tissue 2) transurethral needle ablation TUNA - uses low-level radio frequency energy in both of these procedures, the heat causes necrosis and death of the pro static tissue, thus relieving the obstruction. procedures are performed through the urethra. ablation means removal or excision of a growth on any part of the body.

Answer 256

Means removal or excision of a growth on any part of the body

Answer 257

Surgical excision of a portion of the vas deferens Excision of a portion of the vast deferens. Bilateral vasectomy results in sterility This elective surgical procedure is performed as a permanent method of contraception (although it sometimes can be surgically reversed). It can be performed under local anesthesia. A small incision is made in the scrotum, and a piece of the vas deferens is removed.

Answer 258

Including radiation (especially radioactive seed implants), hormonal therapy, and prostatectomy.

Answer 259

is excision of all or part of the prostate gland Surgical excision of the prostate gland

Answer 260

surgical excision of one or both testicles (or ovaries in females), is performed most frequently to reduce the production and secretion of hormones that may stimulate the proliferation of malignant cells; it results in steriity. If a boy is castrated before puberty, male secondary sex characteristics do not develop, and he becomes an eunuch.

Answer 261

vas deferns/incision incision of the vas deferens

Answer 262

creation of a new opening in the vas deferens Is surgical formation of a new opening into the vast deferens, but the term is sometimes used as a synonym for vasotomy.

Answer 263

Anastomosis of the ends of the severed vast deferens Can sometimes be used to correct an obstruction or to restore the suffered ends of the vas deferens. The latter procedure is used to reverse a vasectomy.

Answer 264

Chemical treatment for cancer

Answer 265

Surgical excision of a testicle

Answer 266

Pertaining to through the urethra

Answer 267

Is a reproductive cell (ovum or spermatozoon) an ovum or sperm is called.……

Answer 268

is also called the egg which lives only a few days

Answer 269

or sperm, which also live only a few days before they die after being discharged into the vagina

Answer 270

Is the release of an ovum from the ovary.

Answer 271

Is the union of the sperm cell nucleus with an egg cell nucleus. This usually occurs in the uterine tube. The fertilized ovum undergoes a series of cell divisions as it moves along the uterine tube, and then enters into the uterine cavity. About the seventh day after ovulation, the fertilized ovum attaches to the endometrium. This is called implantation.

Answer 272

Is the inner lining of the uterus

Answer 273

The product of fertilization is the zygote, which undergoes rapid cell divisions. The zygote is known by different means that various stages.

Answer 274

it is usually at the beginning of the third week that the developing offspring is called an embryo. It is during the embryonic stage that all the organ systems form, making this the most critical time in development. This is also when the extraembryonic membranes form.

Answer 275

Refers to the embryo

Answer 276

means located outside the embryo

Answer 277

Amnion Chorion These two membranes surround the embryo. The amnion and the chorion are membranes that provide protection by surrounding the embryo with amniotic fluid. Amnionic and amniotic have the same meaning the latter is more commonly used.

Answer 278

The embryo is called the fetus after the eighth week

Answer 279

Fetus/pertaining to Means pertaining to the fetus

Answer 280

Formed in the embryonic stage, is a highly vascular structure that nourishes the fetus. It secretes large amounts of progesterone, which is necessary for maintaining the uterus during pregnancy.

Answer 281

is the hormone that is responsible for maintaining the uterus throughout pregnancy

Answer 282

Along with the placenta, the amnion, and the chorion are called afterbirth and are shed shortly after birth

Answer 283

Of the placenta are in close contact with the fetal blood vessels from the cord, but do not directly mix. rather, the nutrients from the mother pass across the vessel walls into the blood of the unborn, and the ways products from the unborn pass across to the mother

Answer 284

zygote: Begins with the fertilization of the ovum and implantation, through approximately the first two weeks embryo: Begins about the beginning of the third week. Organ systems and extraembryonic membranes form. Lasts through approximately the eighth week. fetus: Begins after the eighth week and lasts until birth. Major structures have been outlined in the embryo, and body structures continue to define during the fetal stage until birth.

Answer 285

Is the condition of being unable to produce offspring.

Answer 286

Is the condition of not being able to produce offspring

Answer 287

Is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with conception. After mature ova are collected from the females ovaries and artificially fertilized by sperm in a laboratory, the fertilized, egg, or eggs are implanted in the uterus.

Answer 288

Is an immature ovum

Answer 289

is an embryonic sperm embryonic form of a sperm Is an immature stage in the development of a mature sperm

Answer 290

Pertaining to the chorion

Answer 291

Pertains to two membranes, the amnion and the chorion

Answer 292

Attachment of the fertilized ovum to the endometrium

Answer 293

against conception Is birth control, which is a process or technique for preventing pregnancy

Answer 294

Diminishes the likelihood of or prevent pregnancy

Answer 295

It’s a pill that blocks or terminates pregnancy, and must be taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse

Answer 296

Refraining from sexual intercourse, is the only means of contraception that is 100% effective

Answer 297

Withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation, and douching, washing out the vagina immediately after intercourse, are not recommended as contraceptives because of high failure rates

Answer 298

Are the only contraceptives that also offer protection from STDs?

Answer 299

Most effective 1) subdermal implant - capsule implanted under the skin, slowly releases a hormone that blocks the release of ova, surgical implant considered permanent 2) intrauterine device - small plastic or metal device placed in the uterus, (some release hormones); more of the action is not known, but is believed to prevent fertilization or implantation 3) injectable contraceptive oral contraceptive - hormonal injection on a specific schedule prevents ovulation. “Pill” that contains hormones, usually progestin and estrogen, which prevent ovulation. 4) contraceptive patch - skin patch that releases the hormones, progestin and estrogen in the bloodstream; one patch weekly for three weeks, then one week without a patch 5) diaphragm (with spermicide) - soft rubber cup that covers the uterine cervix, designed to prevent sperm from entering the cervical canal 6) sponge (with spermicide) acts as a vaginal barrier to the sperm; also releases spermicide 7) cervical cap (with spermicide) - small cup that fits over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the cervical canal 8) male, condom thin sheath (usually latex) worn over the penis to collect the semen, informally called rubbers. 9) female condom - thin sheath (usually latex) worn in the vagina to collect the semen 10) vaginal spermicide - foam cream or jelly that is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to destroy sperm 11) natural family planning - any of several methods of conception control that do not rely on a medicine or a physical device for effectiveness. A) the calendar or rhythm method - natural family planning relies on determining the fertile period and practicing abstinence during unsafe days B) basal body temperature - method determines ambulation by a drop and subsequent rise in the basal body temperature. C) ovulation method - uses observation of changes in the cervical mucus to determine population D) symptothermal method - incorporates ovulation and basal body temperature methods.

Answer 300

is destruction of adhesions often by a laser (or excision during open surgery)

Answer 301

Sometimes called the belly button surgery

Answer 302

many techniques are use for tubal legation, all for the purpose of interrupting the continuity of the uterine tubes. a method of tying off a loop of uterine tube, cutting the loop in half, and burning, using clips, or tying off the ends is sometimes done after a cesarean section when no more pregnancies are wanted. Burning to seal the cut ends of the tube is accomplished by several meetings, including laser and cauterization.

Answer 303

Often referred to as tubal anastomosis all methods of tubal ligation should be considered permanent means of sterilization, but tubal ligation reversal may be possible, especially in younger women with no other infertility factors. The surgery may be laparoscopic or conventional surgery.

Answer 304

is an illuminated tube with an optical system. Graspers or forceps are used to grasp the uterine tubes or other tissue.

Answer 305

Is the process of growth and development of a new individual from conception, through the embryonic and fetal periods to birth.

Answer 306

Is the birth of the baby, childbirth

Answer 307

Specializes in obstetrics, the medical specialty that is concerned with the care of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the time immediately after childbirth.

Answer 308

has advanced education and clinical experience in obstetric care and care of the newborn. The nurse midwife manages care of women having a normal pregnancy, labor, and childbirth. A midwife is a person who assists women in childbirth.

Answer 309

Is another name for pregnancy. The average period of gestation is about 266 days from the date of fertilization, but it is clinically considered to last 280 days from the first day of the LMP.

Answer 310

before/birth Is that time before birth

Answer 311

The first recognizable movements of the fetus in the uterus, occurs at about 18 to 20 weeks in a first pregnancy and slightly sooner and later pregnancies.

Answer 312

termination of pregnancy before the fetus is capable of survival outside the uterus most often refers to a deliberate, interpretation of pregnancy in the medical sense, both spontaneous loss and deliberate interpretation of pregnancy are called abortions.

Answer 313

A spontaneous or natural loss of the fetus

Answer 314

Is one of the three periods of approximately three months into which pregnancy is divided First trimester: time from the first day of the LMP to the end of 12 weeks (carries the greatest risk of miscarriages) Second trimester: extends from the 12th to the 28th week. (The fetus and pregnancy are now easier to monitor. A viable offspring, one that is able to survive outside the uterus, with or without medical help, occurs at about 24 weeks.) Third trimester: begins at the 28th week and extends to the time of delivery. (The body systems that formed earlier develop further, especially the respiratory and nervous systems.)

Answer 315

One that is able to survive outside the uterus, with or without medical help, occurs at about 24 weeks

Answer 316

first/pregnant female a female during her first pregnancy A female who is pregnant for the first time

Answer 317

many/pregnant female Means a female who has been pregnant more than one time

Answer 318

is a general term that refers to having borne one or more offspring

Answer 319

Is a term used with numerals to indicate the number of pregnancies carried to more than 20 weeks gestation, such as para III or 3, indicating three pregnancies, regardless of the number of offspring produced in a single pregnancy or the number of stillbirths after 20 weeks.

Answer 320

Page 389 T refers to term births after 37 weeks. Gestation P refers to premature births A refers to abortions (includes induced abortions and miscarriages or ectopic pregnancies) L refers to living children

Answer 321

first/the number of pregnancies carried to more than 20 weeks gestation which means that she has produced one viable offspring

Answer 322

many/viable offspring A woman who has delivered more than one viable offspring

Answer 323

none/woman who has given birth a woman who has not given birth to a viable infant; para 0

Answer 324

four/woman who has given birth A woman who has had four successful pregnancies; para 4

Answer 325

A woman who has had two children who aren’t twins Second/woman who has given birth a woman who has had two pregnancies that resulted in viable offspring; para 2 Bipara is less common

Answer 326

three/woman who has given birth a woman who has had three pregnancies that resulted in viable offspring; para 3 third/woman who is giving birth

Answer 327

Rupture of the amnion water break—occurs before the child is born and sometimes is the mother's first sign of impending labor

Answer 328

The process by which the child is expelled from the uterus, is that time from the beginning of cervical dilation to the delivery of the placenta.

Answer 329

a synonym for dilation Is the condition of being dilated or stretched beyond the normal dimensions.

Answer 330

First stage of labor Is enlargement of the diameter of the opening of the uterine cervix in labor.

Answer 331

Is the neck of the uterusIs the neck of the uterus?

Answer 332

Is the dilation or stretching of the cervical opening?

Answer 333

The shortening and thinning of the cervix during labor this term describes how the constrictive neck of the uterus is obliterated or effaced when this occurs, the mucous plug that fills the cervical canal dislodges

Answer 334

1) dilatation (cervical dilatation) begins with the onset of regular uterine contractions and ends when the cervical opening is completely dilated. 2) expulsion extends from the end of the first stage until complete expulsion of the infant. during this stage, the amniotic sac ruptures, if that has not occurred already. 3) placental stage, extends from the expulsion of the child until what structure in the membranes are expelled? Placenta placenta. 4) postpartum is the hour or two after delivery, when uterine tone is established.

Answer 335

Means of woman who has just given birth

Answer 336

1) the uterus is entered through a transverse incision. 2)The fetal had his brought through the incision. 3) the final step involves the use of heavy sutures to close the uterus

Answer 337

is an elevation of a newborns physical condition, and is based on a rating of five factors (heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflects, irritability, and color) that reflect the infants ability to adjust to extrauterine life. The Apgar score ( 0 to a normal value of 2 for each factor) rapidly identifies infants will require intervention or transferred to a neonatal intensive care unit

Answer 338

Refers to the mother

Answer 339

Means after childbirth 1-2 hours The time after birth with reference to the mother

Answer 340

Prepare the breast for a pregnant female for the production of milk. The glands secrete a cloudy fluid called colostrum during the first few days, after a female gives birth.

Answer 341

The mammary glands secrete a cloudy fluid during the first few days after female gives birth. This fluid serves adequately as food for the infant while milk production begins 2 to 3 days after birth.

Answer 342

The production of milk

Answer 343

Both refer to the time before birth

Answer 344

Pertains to a shorter than normal period of gestation

Answer 345

Means before parturition (childbirth) Before the onset of labor

Answer 346

Means the time after birth, with reference to the newborn and extends for about six weeks

Answer 347

Is a newborn child

Answer 348

is a specific term that refers to the period covering the first 28 days after birth. Neonatal also means pertaining to the newborn child

Answer 349

Is the branch of medicine that specializes in the care of the newborn, and the specialist is a neonatologist

Answer 350

The second stage of labor

Answer 351

A female who has had one successful pregnancy

Answer 352

The third stage of labor

Answer 353

within a few days after conception, the chorion starts producing a hormone…… HCG is present in body fluids (urine, blood) of pregnant females, and blood or urine is tested to determine whether pregnancy exist. HCG can be detected long before other signs of pregnancy appear. HCG is the hormone that is tested for in pregnancy test.

Answer 354

Means a substance (hormone) that stimulates the gonads

Answer 355

amnion/surgical puncture is a surgical procedure in which a needle is passed through the abdominal and uterine walls (guided by ultrasound) to obtain a small amount of amniotic fluid for laboratory analysis. The procedure is usually performed to aid in the assessment of fetal health and diagnosis of genetic defects or other abnormalities.

Answer 356

are the tiny finger like projections of the chorion that infiltrate the endometrium and help form the placenta.

Answer 357

Is sampling of these villi (placental tissue) for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects, and is usually performed between the eighth and 12th weeks of pregnancy Two types of chorionic tissue sampling 1) insertion of the needle through the mother's abdomen and uterine walls 2) is aspiration by catheter through the cervix. Both methods are performed using ultrasonic guidance.

Answer 358

A special type of stethoscope that is used to monitor the fetal heartbeat or an endoscope for viewing the baby utero Is a stethoscope for assessing the fetal heart rate (FHR) though the mother’s abdomen.

Answer 359

Of the amniotic sac is done to remove fluid for diagnostic study after the ultrasound indicates the position of the fetus and the location of the placenta

Answer 360

Maybe use during labor to monitor the fetal heart and record the FHR and the maternal uterine contractions. The EFM may be applied either internally or externally.

Answer 361

Pelvis/measurement Is the measurement to estimate the size of the birth canal measurement of the pelvis. This procedure is usually performed by the obstetrician during the first prenatal examination of a pregnant woman or may be used if problems arise during labor. clinical pelvimetry is vaginal palpitation of specific bony landmarks and is used to estimate the size of the birth canal

Answer 362

it’s a condition in which a babies head is too large, or the mothers birth canal is too small to permit normal labor or birth. If the disproportion is too great, a cesarean delivery will be necessary.

Answer 363

is a noninvasive procedure that is used to assess structural abnormalities and monitor development of the fetus

Answer 364

Provide a video clip in are similar to 3-D scans except that they show fetal movement.

Answer 365

conjoined twins (formally known as Siamese twins) are the result of ____________the severity of the condition ranges from superficial fusion to joined heads or torsos and several shared internal organs…..

Answer 366

whenever a fertilized ovum implants anywhere other than the uterus

Answer 367

The all of them implants in a fallopian tube

Answer 368

Also known as ectopic pregnancy

Answer 369

false/pregnancy In which certain signs and symptoms, such as the absence of menstruation, suggest pregnancy. Pseudocyesis is the presence of one or more of these signs or symptoms when conception has not occurred. The condition may be cycle, genetic, or it may be caused by a physical disorder.

Answer 370

This complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure Is one of several complications of pregnancy. This condition is characterized by the onset of acute high blood pressure after the 24th week of gestation.

Answer 371

protein in the urine, and Adema may also be present.

Answer 372

Preeclampsia made progress to eclampsia, which is the greatest form of pregnancy induced high blood pressure. The latter, characterized by seizures, coma, high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, leads to convulsions and death, if untreated.

Answer 373

This complication or separation of the placenta from the uterine wall Premature detachment of a placenta this condition is a premature separation of the placenta (implanted in normal position) from the uterine wall after 20 weeks or more, or during labor, and it often result in severe hemorrhage. Fetal death results if there is complete separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, so cesarean sections are performed in severe cases.

Answer 374

Placenta covers the internal OS Is a condition in which the placenta is implanted abnormally in the uterus, so that it impinges on or covers the internal os (opening at the upper end of the uterine cervix) One of the most common reasons for painless, bleeding in the last trimester

Answer 375

Is the birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery.

Answer 376

abnormal or difficult labor it may be caused either by an obstruction or constriction of the birth passage or by an abnormal shape, size, position, or condition of the fetus

Answer 377

A genetic disorder that can be detected by study of the amniotic fluid Patients with down syndrome, have an extra chromosome, usually number 21, and have moderate to severe intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. This chromosomal aberrations, also called trisomy 21(tri- means three) , is often associated with late maternal age. A genetic disorder, usually associated with trisomy of chromosome number 21

Answer 378

which is anemia of newborns, characterized by premature destruction of red blood cells, and resulting from maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, especially involving the Rh factor and the ABO blood groups

Answer 379

The hemolytic reaction occurs because the mother is Rh negative and the infant is our age positive

Answer 380

is an immature form of red blood cell that is present in the blood of newborns with this type of anemia. The first pregnancy usually does not present a serious problem, and complications, and a future pregnancy can general Lee be prevented by injection of the mother shortly after delivery with RhoGAM, or a similar immune globulin.

Answer 381

when hemolytic disease of the newborn is suspected, prenatal diagnosis of the disease is confirmed by high levels of bilirubin (a product of red blood cell distraction) in the amniotic fluid, which is obtained by amniocentesis. Intrauterine, transfusion or immediate exchange transfusions after birth may be necessary. Intrauterine transfusion is transfusion of the fetus, while it is still within the uterus.

Answer 382

Another name for it is erythroblastosis

Answer 383

Describes the part of the fetus that is touched by the examining finger through the cervix or has entered the mother's lesser pelvis ( lower part of the pelvis) during labor. Positions of the fetus are defined as follows. Cephalic presentation - the top of the head, the brow, the face, or the chin presents itself at the cervical opening during labor. Breech presentation - The buttocks, knees, or feet are present. ( occurs in approximately 3% of labors) Shoulder presentation - one in which the long axis of the baby’s body is across the long axis of the mother’s body, and the shoulder is presented at the cervical opening, also called transverse presentation. Vaginal delivery is impossible unless the baby turns spontaneously or is turned in utero.

Answer 384

two fetuses developed from the same ovum who are physically united at birth.

Answer 385

A defect characterized by a clef (division or fissure) in the midline of the palate Often associated with cleft lip - one or more clefs in the upper lip Congenital anomalies

Answer 386

Abnormal esophagus that is not continuous with the stomach Congenital anomalies

Answer 387

Incomplete closure of the abdominal wall Congenital anomalies

Answer 388

Acute lung disease occurring most often in premature babies Congenital anomalies

Answer 389

Developmental anomaly of the vertebra Congenital anomalies

Answer 390

physical abnormalities that tend to appear in infants, whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy Congenital anomalies

Answer 391

Is a pigmented skin blemish that is usually benign

Answer 392

Is the deliberate rupture of the fetal membranes to induce labor incision of that amnion

Answer 393

Is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates uterine contraction. Oxytocin (Pitocin) is also used as a drug to induce or augment uterine contractions. Other drugs, uterine, relaxants, slow, or stop labor by slowing or stopping uterine contractions.

Answer 394

facilitates delivery if the vagina opening is too small. It is a surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the female perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery.

Answer 395

Incision of the abdominal wall

Answer 396

Suture of the abdominal wall

Answer 397

Rupture of the inner membrane surrounding the fetus

Answer 398

Are usually caused by infectious organisms that have been passed from one person to another through, anal, oral, or vaginal intercourse. STDs were formally called venereal diseases. (VDs) , named for Venus, the Roman goddess of love.

Answer 399

Are transmitted only by sexual contact, Some can be transmitted via body fluids (for example, AIDS via blood transfusion) and others can cause infection in other parts of the body. An example is an eye that has been infected by hands that are contaminated with organisms that cause gonorrhea. Some of the organisms that cause STDs can also be transmitted by other means, which include the following: -blood transfusion or handling of contaminated products -Needles or drug paraphernalia -intrauterine (within the uterus) transmission to the fetus -infection of the infant during childbirth STDs start as lesions on the genital organs. A person who already has one STD can become infected with another STD. Different STDs are caused by specific types of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and parasites. Without treatment, they can contribute to in fertility, insanity, problem pregnancies, cancer, and death.

Answer 400

Caused by Graham negative intercellular diplococci genitals/discharge is caused by a gono/coccus gonococcus (GC), a gram-negative intracellular diplococcus. Intra/cellular (intracellular) means that the bacteria are located within the cells. (in this case, white blood cells.) gonorrhea causes a heavy urethral discharge in males, but females may be asymptomatic. The disease can usually be treated with penicillin or with another antibiotic and penicillin sensitive persons.

Answer 401

The GC (gonococcus) that causes gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a bacterium. When the presence of Graham – negative intracellular diplococci is detected, a bacterial culture is generally perform to confirm that the organisms are gonococci

Answer 402

Another STD is characterized by distinct stages over a period of years. First stage of syphilis is characterized by swollen lymph nodes, and the appearance of a painless sore called a chancre. this disease can spread to another person through sexual contact. Don't confuse chancre with canker, which is an ulceration of the oral mucosa If the disease is not treated with penicillin or another antibiotic, the second stage of syphilis occurs two weeks to six months after the chancre disappears. The results of blood tests for syphilis are generally positive at this time, but should be confirmed by additional tests. The disease becomes systemic as organism spread throughout the body, and a generalized rash appears. The disease can affect many organs. The outward sign that is characteristic of the second stage of syphilis is the rash. The second stage last two to six weeks and is followed by a fairly asymptomatic latent stage. Transmission of the disease can occur by blood transfer to another person during the latent stage. only about 1/3 of untreated individuals progress to the third stage of syphilis, which has irreversible complications, including changes in the cardiovascular and nervous system and soft rubbery tumors, called gummas, on any part of the body.

Answer 403

Pages 399-400 Causes syphilis

Answer 404

Is a blood test for syphilis

Answer 405

soft rubbery tumors ( syphilis.) third stage

Answer 406

This is a complication of late syphilis. Some psychotic patients in mental hospitals may have been suffering from neurosyphilis, before the problems of the third stage of syphilis were recognized.

Answer 407

fever therapy was used to treat mental illness in past times. Syphilitic patients who were infected with malaria, developed high fever, and improved. The organisms that cause syphilis, like many others, are adversely affected by high temperatures, (sometimes a rise of as little as only 1°F or 2°F)

Answer 408

is acquired by the fetus from the mother during pregnancy. The bacteria that causes syphilis can cross the placenta of an infected female and cause congenital syphilis. Infants who are born with congenital syphilis may have severe physical and mental defects and die within a few weeks after birth. An infant of an infected mother may be infected during childbirth. When the mother is known to be infected, a cesarean section is usually performed.

Answer 409

Causative Organism Neisseria gonorrhoear

Answer 410

Causative Organism Treponema palladium, a spirochete

Answer 411

Causative Organism Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 412

Causative Organism Haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 413

Causative Organism various organisms, not all of which are bacteria

Answer 414

Causative Organism Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 415

Causative Organism Candida albicans

Answer 416

Causative Organism Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 417

Causative Organism Herpes Simplex virus type 2 (HIV-2)

Answer 418

Causative Organism Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 419

Causative Organism Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Answer 420

Causative Organism Phthirus pubis

Answer 421

Chlamydial infection is transmitted by intimate sexual contact and is treated with antibiotics

Answer 422

Another STD caused by a bacterium, produces painful ulcers.

Answer 423

is inflammation of the urethra by an organism other than the GC, the bacterium that causes gonorrhea.

Answer 424

caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the only STD for which there is immunization

Answer 425

Cocci in pairs that are located inside vs outside a cell

Answer 426

Makes an individual susceptible to infection, cancer, and other diseases.

Answer 427

AIDS is caused by HIV and is spread by sexual intercourse or exposure to contaminated blood, semen, milk, or other foods of infected persons. The virus has a long, incubation period, and the disease we recognize as AIDS is the late fatal stage of infection.

Answer 428

A number of opportunistic infections are associated with AIDS. Many types of opportunistic infections, (for example, tuberculosis herpes simplex, and histoplasmosis) can occur. As well as wasting syndrome, (characterized by weight loss, associated with chronic fever and diarrhea.)

Answer 429

is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by one of the hepatitis viruses, A, B, C, D, or E. Hepatitis A and EE are not considered STDs, because transmission is generally through direct contact with contaminated food or water.

Answer 430

Is transmitted by sexual contact, blood products, and contaminated needles. Hepatitis B vaccine is available, required by various educational institutions, and recommended for healthcare workers and others at greater than usual risk.

Answer 431

Is primarily transmitted by blood products, shared needles or shared straws for inhaling cocaine. It is transmitted, less commonly by sexual intercourse. This type of hepatitis has a high likelihood of progressing to chronic hepatitis.

Answer 432

Occurs only in patients who are infected with hepatitis B. It is transmitted by sexual contact and needle sharing.

Answer 433

A viral infection caused by the herpes Symplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), is also known as genital herpes.

Answer 434

Is commonly called genital warts, which also describes its major characteristic. Persons who have had genital warts are at greater risk, for Jenna, told malignancy, especially cervical cancer. Treatment to destroy the genital warts includes destruction with acid, laser, or cryotherapy (cold therapy)

Answer 435

Means likely to become cancerous

Answer 436

cold/treatment destruction of the lesions using very cold temperatures

Answer 437

Is the only STD, as well as the only cancer, for which a vaccine is available. However, the vaccine prevents infection against the two types of HPV responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in women worldwide.

Answer 438

is an infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoon. diagnosis is by microscopic examination of fresh urethral, or vaginal secretions a Symptoms of trichomoniasis include a frothy discharge with a bad odor in females; symptoms are minor or absent in males.

Answer 439

It’s a fungal infection, not limited to the genitals, can cause vulvovaginitis, which means inflammation of the vulva and the vagina. The infection is usually caused by Candida albicans, a yeast-type fungus, and it sometimes occurs after administration of antibiotics for a bacterial infection, or when immunity is suppressed.

Answer 440

Is also called Monilia, and the infection is sometimes called moniliasis.

Answer 441

Are external parasites, and her sometimes included with STDs, because they can be transmitted by sexual contact. They are also transmitted by close contact with contaminated objects, such as linens. they are commonly called crab lice, and are primarily infest the pubic region, but are also found in armpits, beards, eyebrows, and eyelashes.

Answer 442

Relax, smooth muscle in the prostate to improve urinary flow doxazosin (Cardura) tamsulosin (Flomax) terazosin (Hytrin)

Answer 443

decrease significant androgen hormone levels to treat benign prosthetic hyperplasia dutasteride (Avodart) finasteride (Proscar)

Answer 444

Treat HIV infection (subtype of antivirals) didanosine (Videx) efavirenz (Sustiva) lamivudine (Epivir) ribavirin (Virazole) ritonavir (Norvir) zidovudine (Retrovir)

Answer 445

Block conversion of androgen hormones to estrogens to treat breast or ovarian cancer anastrozole (Arimidex) exemestane (Aromasin) letrozole (Femara)

Answer 446

S: Estrogen and progestin combination (or progestin alone) hormone therapy used to prevent pregnancy Various routes of administration: Oral, transdermal, intrauterine, vaginal, or by injection drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (Yaz) medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol (Xulane) norethindrone (Micronor) norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol (Ortho Tri-Cyclen)

Answer 447

Female hormones used for contraception or hormone replacement therapy, usually in combination with progestins conjugated estrogens (Premarin) estradiol (Estrace, combination products) estropipate (Ogen)

Answer 448

Increase blood flow to penis to treat erectile dysfunction alprostadil (Caverject) sildenafil (Viagra) tadalafil (Cialis)

Answer 449

Fertility drugs used to promote ovulation bromocriptine (Parlodel) chorionic gonadotropin (Pregnyl) clomiphene (Clomid) follitropin alfa (Follistim AQ)

Answer 450

Stimulate uterine contractions to promote laboror suppress postpartum uterine bleeding; also called uterotonics methylergonovine (Methergine) oxytocin (Pitocin)

Answer 451

Progesterone hormones used for contraception or hormone replacement therapy, usually in combination with estrogens; or to treat menstrual disorders, endometriosis, or infertility levonorgestrel (Mirena, combination products) medroxyprogesterone (Provera) norgestimate (in combination, e.g., Ortho Tri-Cyclen)

Answer 452

Suppress uterine contractions to stop premature labor indomethacin (Indocin) magnesium sulfate (*no brand name) terbutaline (Brethine)

Answer 453

Is laparoscopic removal of the uterus

Answer 454

is the thin membrane that lines the chorion (fetal part of placenta) and contains the fetus and amniotic fluid

Answer 455

Means pertaining to the cervix uteri

Answer 456

Involves inflammation of a testicle

Answer 457

A woman who has produced more than one child

Answer 458

Absence of sperm production