Definition Flashcards
the science of foods and nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions within the body (including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism and excretion).
Nutrition
products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life, growth and repair of tissues.
Foods
food and beverages a person eats and drinks. Diet could be normal (regular) or therapeutic (modified)
Diet
food that contains physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions, sometimes also called designer foods, medical foods, or nutraceuticals.
Functional foods
chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to
(1) provide energy,
(2) structural materials,
(3) regulating agents to (1) support growth, (2) maintenance, and (3) repair of body tissues. Nutrients may also reduce the risks of some diseases.
Nutrients
not containing carbon or relating to living things
Inorganic nutrients
in chemistry, a substance or molecule containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
.Organic nutrients
a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs, also called indispensable nutrients.
Essential nutrients
organic, essential nutrients that allow the body to obtain energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
Vitamins
inorganic, essential nutrients that are found in the bones, teeth, and body fluids.
Minerals
an indispensable and abundant essential nutrient that participates in many life processes
Water
An adequate, well-balanced diet combined with regular physical activity is a cornerstone of good health.
Good nutrition
Can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity.
Poor nutrition
Nutrition is influenced by a variety of different factors in society.
Personal preference
Culture Religion Ethnicity Habit Educational level, Social pressure, Economics, Salary, National economy, Food subsidies, Availability, Convenience, Positive and Negative Associations
People sometimes select foods out of habit.eg. I am used to eating cereal for breakfast as a kid I keep doing it.
Habit
is a method of classification based upon a common trait of the population, such as
a common heritage, a common culture, a shared language or dialect.
Ethnicity
It is an attribute referring to members of groups. Culture is always transmitted by society, not by an individual. Socially transmitted behaviour patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.
Culture
people tend to like particular foods associated with happy occasions—such as cake and ice cream at birthday parties OR By the same token, people can develop aversions and dislike foods that they ate when they felt sick or that were forced on them.
Positive and Negative Associations
The scientific use of the term
kcalorie
the popular use of the term
calorie
Food energy is measured in
Kilocalories
1000 calories equal
1 kilocalorie
amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of
water 1°C.
One Kcalorie
Carbohydrate, fat, Water, and protein are macronutrients because the body needs them in large quantities.
Macronutrients
Vitamins and minerals do not provide energy and are known as micronutrients because the body needs them in smaller quantities.
Micronutrients
the nutrients that breakdown to yield energy the body can use: carbohydrate, protein and fat.
Energy-yielding nutrients
4 kcal/g = 4 kcal/g
Carbohydrate
Protein
9 kcal/g
Fat
= 7 kcal/g
Alcohol
provides energy, but it is not considered a nutrient because it interferes with the body’s growth, maintenance, and repair.
Alcohol
