definitii Flashcards

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1
Q

ereditatea

A

proprietatea organismelor de a pastra si de a
transmite caracterele de la parinti la descendenti

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2
Q

gena

A

o unitate informationala care determina un anumit caracter ereditar

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3
Q

cromatina

A

un complex nucleoproteic, format in combinatia ADN-ului cu proteinele histonice

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4
Q

genotip

A

totalitatea genelor unui organism

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5
Q

grup lincaj

A

grupurile de gene localizate intr-un cromozom

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6
Q

replicarea

A

un proces „semiconservativ”, in care cele doua
catene ale moleculei de ADN, sub actiunea enzimelor, se separa, fiecare servind drept matrice pentru sintetizarea catenelor noi din nucleotide libere, in stricta conformitate cu principiul complementaritatii

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7
Q

transcriptia

A

procesul in care are loc copierea informatiei codificate din
structura moleculei de ADN in moleculele de ARNm.

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8
Q

translatia

A

un proces prin care se realizeaza sinteza proteinelor

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9
Q

codul genetic

A

un sistem de cifrare (codificare) a informatiei genetice despre succesivitatea aminoacizilor in molecula proteica sub forma unei succesiuni de nucleotide din molecula de ADN (sau
ARN viral)

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10
Q

codon

A

un triplet de baze azotate

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11
Q

Ce este degenerarea? (proprietate a codului genetic)

A

Unul si acelasi aminoacid poate fi codificat de mai multe triplete

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12
Q

Ce este universalitatea? (proprietate a codului genetic)

A

unele si aceleasi triplete codifica unii si aceiasi aminoacizi la toate organismele (bacterii, plante, animale etc.)

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13
Q

cromozomi

A

unitati structurale compacte, permanente, alcatuite din acizi nucleici si proteine.

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14
Q

amitoza

A

diviziune celulara directa

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