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Physics Paper 1 > Definintions > Flashcards

Definintions Flashcards

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1
Q

Centre of Mass

A

Point through which all the weight of an object is considered to act

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2
Q

Moment

A

Force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the pivot

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3
Q

Couple

A

A pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body but not along the same line (coplanar)

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4
Q

Displacement

A

Distance in a given direction from a fixed point

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5
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement

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6
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity

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7
Q

Power

A

Rate of energy transfer/rate of doing work

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8
Q

Force

A

Rate of change of momentum

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9
Q

Impulse

A

Force x time for which the force acts
OR
change in momentum

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10
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from equilibrium position

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11
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete waves passing a point per unit time/per second

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12
Q

Time Period

A

Time taken to complete one oscillation

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13
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two identical positions on two adjacent waves

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14
Q

Wave Speed

A

Product of a waves frequency and wavelength

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15
Q

Phase

A

A measure of how far through the wave’s cycle a given point on the wave
is

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16
Q

Phase Difference

A

Difference in phase between two points on a wave
(in angles or fractions of a cycle)

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17
Q

Coherence

A

Same frequency/wavelength
Constant phase relationship

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18
Q

Path difference

A

How far ahead a wave is compared to another wave

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19
Q

Centripetal Force

A

Resultant force stopping a body from leaving the circle

20
Q

Restoring Force

A

Resultant force acting on an oscillating object towards equilibrium position.

21
Q

Resistance

A

Potential difference across a component per amp of current flowing through it.

22
Q

Potential Difference

A

Amount of energy transformed when one coulomb of charge is moved between two points
Work done per unit charge

23
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of positive charge

24
Q

Superconductor

A

Material with 0 resistivity below critical temperature

25
Q

Critical Temperature

A

Temperature below which material becomes superconducting

26
Q

EMF

A

The amount of energy transferred from chemical energy to electrical energy per unit charge

27
Q

Terminal Potential Difference

A

Voltage across the terminals of a cell

28
Q

Ohmic Conductor

A

Any component that conducts electricity and obeys Ohm’s law

29
Q

Potential Divider

A

A circuit that shares the potential difference between components by connecting multiple resistors in series

30
Q

Resistivity

A

How resistive a material is to allowing current to flow through it.

31
Q

Work function

A

Minimum energy required to liberate an electron form the surface of a metal.

32
Q

Photon

A

Small discrete packet of energy (no mass)

33
Q

Stopping potential

A

Minimum potential difference required for 0 current in a photocell circuit

34
Q

Electron volt

A

Energy gained by an electron as it accelerates through a potential difference of 1 volt

35
Q

Excitation

A

When an electron moves to a higher energy levelby absorbing energy from an incident photon or electron

36
Q

Ionistation

A

When an electron gains enough energy to leave the atom

37
Q

Threshold Frequency

A

Minimum frequency of a photon for a photoelectron to be emitted from a metal surface

38
Q

Elastic Behaviour

A

when a sample that has been deformed by a force returns to its original shape and size when the force causing the deformation is removed.

39
Q

Plastic Behaviour

A

when the deforming force is removed the material does not return to its original shape/size.

40
Q

Elastic Limit

A

maximum amount that a material can be stretched by a force, and still return to its original length when the force is removed

41
Q

Yield Point

A

point at which the material extends considerably with no (or a very small) increase in force. The extension is permanent.

42
Q

Ductile

A

easily and permanently stretched

43
Q

Brittle

A

fractures very soon after the elastic limit, with little or no plastic deformation. (e.g. concrete, glass)

44
Q

Potential divider

A

Circuit containing a combination of resistors in seriesacross a voltage source so that potential difference has been split

45
Q

Ionisation Energy

A

Minimum energy t remove an electron from an atom from the ground state

Physics Paper 1 (9 decks)

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