Defining health and health promotion Flashcards
What is the definition of health?
Health can be defined as the absence of disease, or as physical and mental well-being. According to WHO (1948), it is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
How does WHO (1986) define health?
Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. It includes social, personal, and physical resources.
What is population health?
An approach focused on improving physical and mental health outcomes and well-being of an entire population, while reducing health inequalities.
What are the key influences on health?
Genetics, health behaviours (diet, smoking, exercise, alcohol), environment, socio-economic factors, and healthcare access.
What are wider determinants of health according to Dahlgren and Whitehead (1993)?
A model illustrating layers of influence on health including individual lifestyle factors, social and community networks, and wider socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions.
What is life expectancy?
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
What is healthy life expectancy?
The average number of years a person is expected to live in good or fairly good self-perceived health.
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling individuals to increase control over and improve their health through behavioural and environmental interventions.
What is the medical approach to health promotion?
Targets high-risk groups or behaviours with medical interventions to reduce morbidity or mortality.
What is the educational approach to health promotion?
Focuses on providing knowledge and skills to help individuals make informed health choices.
What is the behaviour change approach to health promotion?
Aims to increase knowledge about health and illness to influence behaviour.
What is the empowerment approach to health promotion?
Enhances individuals’ control over their health and environment.
What is the social policy approach to health promotion?
Focuses on modifying social and structural factors contributing to ill health.
How do community pharmacies engage in health promotion?
By raising awareness, providing advice, offering support (e.g., weight management, smoking cessation), and making referrals.
Why are community pharmacies well placed for health promotion?
No appointment is needed, free advice is available, high foot traffic (84% visit annually), and pharmacists are highly trained.
What is a key principle of health?
Health is more than just the absence of disease; it includes complete well-being.
What is the goal of health promotion?
To prevent disease and enhance well-being across individuals and populations.
